Part 1 Flashcards
Fourteen Points
Wilson’s plan for peace; Know six: 1. Abolition of secret diplomacy; 2. Freedom of the seas; 3. Removal of international economic barriers; 4. Reduction of arms; 5. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims or self-determination; 6. Establishment of a general association of nations (League of Nations)
Treaty of Versailles
important!-Big 4-German loss of colonial possessions, loss of European territory, reduction of the army, surrender all military equipment, reparations of $56.5 billion
Article 231
war guilt clause; forced the central powers (mainly Germany) to assume responsibility for starting the war; reason why there could be harsh restrictions against Germany
Article X
Senate didn’t like it and was one reason they wouldn’t sign the Treaty of Versailles; Senate feared that the League of Nations would be able to send American troops without the consent of Congress
Big Four
The main players at the Paris conference (where they come up with the Treaty of Versailles); President Wilson, David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Uncle Shylock
Characterization of Uncle Sam; Comes from Shakespeare’s the Merchant of Venice; Shylock the loan shark; Given this because the US wants to collect inter-allied war debt
Dawes Plan
Reduce the annual payment for Germany, Extend the time for payment, and given more loans
Young Plan
Dawes and young=priming the pump; set the amount and the time they had to pay it
Prime the Pump
ID-US gives Germany money because the US was owed money from GB and France; US hopes that Germany will pay up and then GB and France will pay the US; The term comes from the idea of pumping from a well
League of Nations
Formed after WWI to promote international peace and security; Fails; Unable to stop major aggression
Washington Conference
important-Took place in Washington D.C.; Great Britain, United States, Japan, France, Italy, China, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal-naval disarmament
Four Power Treaty
US, Great Britain, Japan, and France; says that they are going to respect one another’s rights in the Pacific; Confer in the event of a dispute
Nine Power Treaty
All at the Conference; deals with China and keeping the Open Door Policy; guarantees the political and the territorial integrity of China
Five Power Treaty
Great Britain, United States, Japan, France, and Italy. Fixes the relative tonnage (number) of warships for each nation. 5, 5, 3, 1 2/3, 1 2/3; Everyone had to expand and shrink at the same rate; Grants a ten year moratorium or naval holiday from building warships (for ten years, no one builds ships)
Locarno Pact
Sets the boundaries after WWI; says that everyone’s okay with the way things are set up; agree never to go to war with each other; GB, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Poland; Agree to the demilitarization of the Rhineland (between France and Germany and acts as a buffer between the two countries)
