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Pathological physiology > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Allergic edema –all are correct except:
    a. > permeability of blood vessels
    b. induce histamine
    c. depends from venous stasis
    d. hypersensitive reactions
A

c

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2
Q
  1. Anion gap can increase, if in the blood:
    a. > lactic acid level
    b. hypoalbuminemia
    c. ketoacidosis
    d. hyperalbuminemia
    e. a+b
    f. a+c
A

f

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3
Q
  1. If the patient has severe diarrhea, develop:
    a. hypoosmolal hypohydration
    b. metabolic acidosis
    c. > blood pH
    d. > Na+ elimination with urine
    e. a+b
    f. a+b+d
A

a

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4
Q
  1. Lactiacidosis type A can be caused by:
    a. lack of oxygen delivery
    b. ATP defiency
    c. hypoxia
    d. disorders of carbohydrate absorption
    e. a+b
    f. a+c
    g. b+c
    h. a+c+d
A

e

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5
Q
  1. The main kind of shock are all except:
    a. cardiogenic
    b. hypervolemic
    c. septic
    d. traumatic
    e. neurogenic
A

b

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6
Q
  1. For all kinds of shock are typical
    a. < cardiac output
    b. bradycardia
    c. < venous retence
    d. > permeability of blood vessel wall
A

a

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7
Q
  1. For the alteration of hepatocytes are typical
    a. Hypoalbuminia, hypoglobulinemia, disproteinemia
    b. Hypoalbuminia, hyperglobulinemia, disproteinemia
    c. Hyperalbuminia, hyperglobulinemia, disproteinemia
    d. Hyperalbuminia, hypoglobulinemia, disproteinemia
    e. All are wrong
A

b

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8
Q
  1. Free bilirubin
    a. Connected to albumines
    b. Gives the direct reaction with Erlich diazoreactive
    c. Do not aggregate in urine
    d. Formates due to the action of glycuroniltransferase
    e. A+c
    f. B+d
A

e

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9
Q
  1. Conjugated bilirubin
    a. Connected to albumines
    b. Gives the direct reaction with Erlich diazoreactive
    c. Forates due to the action of glycuroniltransferase
    d. Appears in ruine
    e. A+b+d
    f. B+c+d
A

f

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10
Q
  1. Normal content of the free bilirubin in blood do not exceed (mmol/l)
    a. 10
    b. 12
    c. 14
    d. 15
    e. 17
    f. 19
A

e

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11
Q
  1. Disturbances of the digestion are not typical for
    a. Hemolytic jaundice
    b. Hepatic jaundice
    c. Infrahepatic jaundice
    d. A+b
    e. B+c
    f. A+b+c
A

a

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12
Q
  1. Cholemia causes all clinical symptoms except
    a. Bradycardia
    b. Disturbances of CNS functions
    c. Itching
    d. Icterus
    e. Disturbances of blood coagulation
    f. Arterial hypertension
A

d

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13
Q
  1. For all kinds of jaundice are typical
    a. Increasing urobilinuria
    b. Increasing sterebiline excretion
    c. Increasing of the total bilirubine in blood
    d. Yellow color of skin and mucous
    e. A+b
    f. C+d
A

f

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14
Q
  1. Main cause of ascites for patients with hepatic pathology is
    a. Hypoproteinemia
    b. Primary hyperaldosteronism
    c. Increasing of the lymph formation in liver
    d. Portal hypertension
    e. A+b+c
    f. A+c+d
A

d

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15
Q
  1. Manifestation of proteins metabolism disorders in case of liver function are
    a. Increased ammonia level in blood
    b. Hypoalbuminemia
    c. Ketoacidosis
    d. Hypoglobulinemia
    e. A+b+c
    f. A+b+c+d
A

e

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16
Q
  1. Manifestations of hepatorenal syndrome are all except
    a. Polyuria
    b. jaundice
    c. ascites
    d. gastrointestinal bleeding
A

Inget svar

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17
Q
  1. typical disturbances of metabolism for diabetes mellius are
    a. carbohydrates
    b. carbohydrates and lipids
    c. carbohydrates and proteins
    d. lipids and proteins
    e. carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
    f. all are wrong
A

e

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18
Q
  1. diagnosis “diabetes mellitus” is believable if the level of glucose in capillary blood (according WHO) exceeds (mmol/l)
    a. 4,4
    b. 5,9
    c. 8,1
    d. 11,1
    e. 12,4
    f. 14,9
A

d

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19
Q
  1. For the DM1 are typical
    a. Absolute deficiency of insulin
    b. Deficiency of insulin and lipocaine
    c. It takes place in young and thin patients
    d. Lipid infiltration of liver
    e. A+c
    f. B+d
A

e

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20
Q
  1. For DM2 are typical
    a. Absolute insulin deficiency
    b. Normal or increased level of insulin in blood
    c. Start after 40
    d. Steatosis
    e. A+d
    f. B+c
A

f

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21
Q
  1. Main pathogenic mechanism of diabetic coma are
    a. Hyperketonemia
    b. Hypoosmolar hypohydratation
    c. Metabolic acidosis
    d. A+b+c
    e. A+b
    f. A+c
A

f

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22
Q
  1. What is typical for diabetic coma
    a. Soft exeballs
    b. Metabolic alkalosis
    c. Hypoosmolar hypohydratation
    d. A+b+c
    e. A+c
    f. B+c
A

a

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23
Q
  1. Main kinds of glycosuria are
    a. Productional and hyperglycemic
    b. Productional and renal
    c. Renal and retentional
    d. Renal and hyperglycemic
    e. Retentional and hyperglycemic
    f. Retentional and productinal glycosuria
A

d

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24
Q
  1. Late consequences of DM are
    a. Metabolic acidosis
    b. Nephropathy and retinopathy
    c. Hyperosmolal hypohydratation
    d. Hypernatremia
    e. Metaolic acidosis and hypohydratation
    f. Toxic actions of ketobodies
A

b

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25
Q
  1. Glycagon
    a. Formed in liver
    b. Formed in pancreas
    c. Stimulates the glycogeolysis
    d. Stimulates the glycogenogenesis
    e. A+d
    f. B+c
A

f

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26
Q
  1. Causes of disturbances of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates can be
    a. Obstruction of the pancreatic duct
    b. Syndromes of disaccharide malabsorption
    c. Disturbances of lipid absorption
    d. Disturbances of protein absorption
    e. A+b+c+d
    f. A+b+c
A

b

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27
Q
  1. Main causes of protein digestion and absorption disturbances
    a. Disturbances of gastric HCL secretion
    b. Deficiency of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreatical and intestinal juice
    c. Deficiency of proteolytic enzymes in bile
    d. Disturbances of the function of intestinal epithelium
    e. A+b+d
    f. A+b+c+d
A

e

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28
Q
  1. Total protein of the blood normally is (g%)
    a. 2,4-4,5
    b. 3,5-5,5
    c. 4,5-6,0
    d. 6,5-8,5
    e. 7,5-9,0
    f. 8,0-9,5
A

d

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29
Q
  1. Albumines
    a. Maintain the oncotic pressure of blod
    b. Transport the antihemophilicglobuline
    c. Transport bilirubins
    d. Transport haptoglobine
    e. A+c
    f. A+b+c
A

e

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30
Q
  1. Hyperglobulinemia is typical for
    a. Diabtes mellitus
    b. Malignant tumours
    c. Liver cirrhosis
    d. Reconvalescence stage of inflectional diseases
    e. A+b
    f. C+d
A

f

31
Q
  1. For analbuminemia is typical
    a. Relative increasing of globulines in blood plasma
    b. Relative decreasing of albumines in blood plasma
    c. Disturbances of the “connected” insulin formation
    d. Promotion of the development of oedem`s
    e. A+d
    f. B+c+d
A

e

32
Q
  1. Urea nitrogen makes approximately (%)
    a. 20
    b. 40
    c. 50
    d. 60
    e. 70
    f. 80 from remain nitrogen
A

c

33
Q
  1. Residual nitrogen makes approximately (%)
    a. 40
    b. 50
    c. 60
    d. 70
    e. 80
    f. 90 from remain nitrogen
A

b

34
Q
  1. All are components of residual nitrogen except nitrogen of
    a. Creatinine and creatine
    b. Bilirubine
    c. Ammonia
    d. Indicane
    e. Uric acid
    f. Urea
A

f

35
Q
  1. The hyperazotemia meas increasing in blood the
    a. Residual nitrogen
    b. Urea
    c. Remain nitrogen
    d. Ammonia
    e. Indicane
    f. Uric acid
A

c

36
Q
  1. Disproteinemia means
    a. Increasing od protein fractions in blood
    b. Decreasing of protein fractions in blood
    c. Change of proportions btw the protein fraction and blood
    d. Normal proportions btw the protein fractions and blood
    e. Dissolving of the protein fractions
    f. Disappearance of the protein fractions
A

c

37
Q
  1. Chylomicrons are synthesized in
    a. Liver
    b. Endothelium cells
    c. Enterocytes
    d. A+b
    e. B+c
A

c

38
Q
  1. Chylomicrons main function is
    a. Control of cholesterol level in blood
    b. Source of TG for muscle cells
    c. … fatty acids splitting them from lipoproteins
    d. Activation of LP lipases
A

b

39
Q
  1. Omega 3 decreased
    a. Bile acids reabsorption in GIT
    b. Synthesis of cholesterol o the liver
    c. Cholesterol absorption from the GIT
    d. VLDL synthesis in the liver
    e. B+c
    f. Synthesis of TG in the liver
A

f

40
Q
  1. Muscle cells receive TG from
    a. Chylomicrons
    b. VLDL
    c. LDL
    d. A+b
    e. A+b+c
A

e

41
Q
  1. LDL are formed from
    a. Chylomicrons
    b. Chylomicrons remnant
    c. VLDL
    d. LDL
    e. A+c
    f. All are wrong
A

c

42
Q
  1. From LDL in the liver can be synthesized
    a. Chylomicrons
    b. HDL
    c. VLDL
    d. A+c
    e. A+b
A

c

43
Q
  1. From LDL in the liver can be synthesized
    a. Chylomicrons
    b. HDL
    c. VLDL
    d. A+c
    e. A+b
A

c

44
Q
  1. “foam cells” are formed when
    a. m/ph incorporated LDL
    b. m/ph incorporated LDL
    c. m/ph incorporated VLDL
    d. m/ph incorporated chylomicrons
A

a

45
Q
  1. LDL can be eliminated from blood serum
    a. By connection with target cells receptors
    b. Transforming to HDL
    c. By m/ph
    d. A+b
    e. A+c
    f. A+b+c
A

e

46
Q
  1. LDL can be eliminated from blood serum
    a. By connection with target cells receptors
    b. Transforming to HDL
    c. By m/ph
    d. A+b
    e. A+c
    f. A+b+c
A

e

47
Q
  1. Hypolipidemia
    a. Low level of cholesterol in plasma
    b. Low level TG in plasma
    c. Specific clinical complaints
    d. A+b
    e. A+b+d
A

e

48
Q
  1. Reconvalescence period for patiens with hypolipidemial will be
    a. Longer
    b. Shorter
    c. Doesn’t change
    d. Doens’t depend from blood lipid level
A

a

49
Q

Coagulation

1) Coagulation process intrinsic pathway begins with
a) activation of factor X
b) contact with collagen of injured blood vessel wall
c) trauma of tissue
d) release of tissue factors

A

b

50
Q

1) For process of hemostasis all are correct, except:
a) blood vessel spasm
b) stasis of blood flow
c) formation of white thrombus
d) formation of red thrombus
e) clot retraction
f) thrombolysis

A

b

51
Q

1) Changes of bleeding time depends of:
a) pathology of platelets
b) coagulopathies
c) vasopathia
d) prothrombine deficiency

A

a

52
Q

1) Haemophilia A:
a) deficiency of factor IX
b) deficiency of factor VIII
c) thrombocytopathia
d) deficiency of factor XI

A

b

53
Q

1) Normal platelet account are in (mm3)
a) 100 000-350 000
b) 150 000-350 000
c) 150 000-400 000
d) 100 000-450 000

A

c

54
Q

1) Allergic purpura – all are correct, except:
a) nonthrombocytopenic
b) vascular inflammation
c) affects more females
d) most present in childhood

A

b

55
Q

1) DIC syndrome:
a) complication of diseases or conditions
b) thrombosis
c) activation of fibrinolytic system
d) haemorrhages
e) a + b + c + d
f) a + b + c
g) b + c + d

A

e

56
Q

1) For pathogenesis of DIC syndrome all are correct, except:
a) thrombosis
b) plasminogen activation
c) thrombocytes level increased
d) platelets consumption

A

c

57
Q

1) Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:
a) autoimmune mechanism
b) affects children (2-6 years old)
c) affects women between 20-40
d) a + b
e) a + b + c

A

d

58
Q

1) If the mother is carrier of haemophilia gene, her daughters will be
a) normal
b) carrier
c) hemophilial
d) a + b
e) a + b + c
f) b + c

A

d

59
Q

1) Monocytes are:
a) agranulocytes
b) granulocytes
c) microphages
d) neutrophils
e) a + c

A

Inget svar

60
Q

1) Disorders of leukopenia based of attenuation of leucopoesia are all except:
a) disorders of neurohumoral regulation
b) deficiency of plastic material
c) metastases in bone marrow
d) caused by infection

A

d

61
Q

1) Leucocytosis can be
a) pathological
b) physiological
c) symptomatic
d) a + b
e) b + c

A

d

62
Q

1) Leucemoid reaction – number of leukocytes (x10^9/l)
a) 15-20
b) 20-50
c) 50-90
d) >91

A

b

63
Q

1) Neturophilia – all are correct except:
a) > 7,5 x10^9/l
b) response to stress
c) inflammation
d) disorders of metabolism
e) parasites

A

e

64
Q

1) Eosinophilia – all are correct except:
a) > 0,4 x 10^9/l
b) allergic diseases
c) parasites
d) disorders of metabolism
e) hematologic diseases

A

d

65
Q

1) Monocytosis – all are correct except
a) viral infections
b) chronic inflammation
c) autoimmune diseases
d) benigne tumors
e) hematologic diseases

A

d

66
Q

1) Leucopenia – number of leukocytes are lower than (x10^9/l)
a) 3,4
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
e) 7

A

b

67
Q

1) Agranulocytsosis
a) leukopenia < 1,0 x10^9/l
b) absolute decreases of granulocytes
c) absolute increase of agranulocytes
d) a + b
e) a + b + c

A

d

68
Q

1) Agranulocytosis can be
a) myelotoxic
b) immune
c) megaloblastic
d) a + b
e) b + c

A

d

69
Q

Anemia

1) Normovolemia
a) normal blood volume
b) normal circulating blood volume
c) normal liquid level in the body
d) normal plasma volume

A

b

70
Q

1) Oligocythanic normovolemia
a) normal circulating blood volume (NCBV) + increases Nr of cells
b) NCBV + decreased nr of blood cells
c) NCBV + decreased nr of platelets
d) NCBV + decreased nr of leukocytes

A

b

71
Q

1) Erythropoiesis can be classified like
a) megaloblastic
b) normoblastic
c) macroblastic
d) microblastic
e) a + b
f) c + d

A

e

72
Q

1) Anemias classification by MCV:
a) normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic
b) hypochrome, normochrome, hyperchrome
c) normoblastic, microblastic, megablastic
d) a + c
e) b + c

A

a

73
Q
  1. The fluid moves from i/c space to e/c space in the case of:
    a) hyperosmolar hyperhydratation
    b) isoosmolar hyperhydratation
    c) hyperdehydratation
    d)
    e) a+c
    f) b+c
A

Inget svar

Pathological physiology (4 decks)

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