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Machines > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ was designed as a safety feature to help ensure that cylinders are not installed on the wrong cylinder yoke.

A

Pin Index Safety System

Only used on cylinder sizes A-E

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2
Q

Pressure regulators are found ____________.

A

directly behind the yoke

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3
Q

If the pressure in the gas supply module is too high, above ________psig, the pressure relief valve opens and vents the gas to atmosphere. .

A

approximately 75

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4
Q

When the set pressure is exceeded, the pressure in the cylinder forces the spring to the _____, and gas flows around the safety valve seat to the discharge channel.

A

left

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5
Q

The rapid flow of gas through the relief valve may make a loud sound that is easy to identify.
When the pressure relief valve is open, gas continues to flow to the breathing circuit as long as there are sufficient gas supplies. When gas supplies are gone, flow to the breathing circuit stops. True or false?

A

True

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6
Q

He tank color

A

brown

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7
Q

Heliox cylinder color

A

brown and green

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8
Q

CO2 tank color

A

gray

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9
Q

N2 cylinder color

A

black

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10
Q

What is the equation to determine the amount of oxygen in a tank?

A

V2/V1 = P2/P1

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11
Q

How much N2O is left in cylinder if the cylinder weighs 15kg and the tare weight is 14kg?

A

1000 g N2O x 1 mol = 22.73 mol x 22.4 L = 509 L
44 g N2O mol

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12
Q

A pressure relief valve vents to atmosphere if the pipeline pressure is too high (approximately ____ psig).

A

65-75

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13
Q

Pipeline components include 6:

A
  • Supply Sources
  • Connections
  • Pressure Relief Valves
  • Shutoff Valves
  • Alarms
  • End Points
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14
Q

USP (US Pharmacoepia) and NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) agencies supply:

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon monoxide
  • sulfer dioxide
  • nitric oxide
  • nitrogen dioxide
  • odor
  • oxygen
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15
Q

National Fire Protection Association also tests for: (3)

A
  • hydrocarbons (methane)
  • dew point
  • particulate filter
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16
Q

Pipeline connections to the anesthesia machine use a _________________to help prevent incorrect connections. The fitting for each gas has a different diameter. Each fitting is also internally keyed so that the operator cannot make a loose connection with a slightly larger fitting.

A

diameter indexed safety system (DISS)

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17
Q

shutoff valves:

types:

A

isolate specific piping system areas without turning off entire system

manual and service

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18
Q

The master alarm system

A
  • monitors the central supply and distribution system for all gases
  • signals changes in pressure, supply changeovers and supply/reserve depletion
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19
Q

area (local alarm system)

A
  • monitors a specific area
  • signals pressure changes 20% above/below normal operating pressure
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20
Q

blood/gas coefficient for iso:

A

1.4

21
Q

blood gas coefficient for sevo:

A

0.65

22
Q

blood/gas for desflurane:

A

0.42

23
Q

blood/brain for iso:

A

2.6

24
Q

blood/brain for sevo is:

A

1.7

25
Q

blood/brain for des is:

A

1.3

26
Q

What pushes bellows down?

A

drive gas

27
Q

What happens to the bellows if the breathing circuit becomes disconnected from the patient?

A

collapses

28
Q

What are the types of CO2 absorber?

A
  • soda lime
  • baralyme
29
Q

different gas control knobs for flowmeters

A
  • The control knob is joined to the stem. The oxygen flow control knob must have a fluted profile & be as large as or larger than that for any other gas. All other flow control knobs must be round. If other types of flow control valves are present, the oxygen control must look & feel different from the other controls.
  • Again, the knob is turned counterclockwise to increase flow.
30
Q

The most common type of scavenging

A

closed interface with active scavenging

31
Q

Anesthesia machine safety features

A
  • Automatically enabled essential alarms & monitors (ex. O2 concentration)
  • Vaporizer interlock device
  • Capnography & anesthetic gas measurement
  • O2 flush mechanism that does not pass through vaporizers
  • Breathing circuit pressure monitor & alarm
  • Exhaled volume monitor
  • Pulse oximetry, BP, & ECG monitoring
  • Mechanical ventilator
  • Scavenger system
32
Q

Immediate pressure machine components

A
  • Pipeline inlets & pressure gauges
  • Gas power outlet
  • Master switch (pneumatic component)
  • Oxygen flush valve
  • Oxygen pressure failure device (fail-safe) & alarm
  • Oxygen & nitrous oxide second-stage pressure regulators
  • Flowmeter valves
33
Q

Pipeline inlets & gauges

Each inlet has________to prevent reversed gas flow from the machine back into the piping system

A

uses DISS fittings

one-way (check) valve

34
Q

This (O) indicates that the ventilator is on or off?

A

When the switch position is in STANDBY , the machine is not really OFF because there are portions of the machine that are still active. These include the O2 Flush Button, gas power outlet, electrical outlets on the back of the machine, & battery recharging circuitry.
In the STANDBY position:
• No gas can flow to the patient
• No electrical power goes to the Ventilator, Display, or CPU
• O2 Flush is still available provided an oxygen supply is connected
• Electrical outlets (if equipped) are still active
• Battery will recharge
When the Switch is turned to the ON position ( l ) the following occur:
• Oxygen is allowed to flow from the Main Output Manifold to the oxygen flowmeter
• Air is allowed to flow from the Main Output Manifold to the Air flowmeter
• Electricity flows to the components of the machine requiring electrical power, such as the ventilator, the display, & the CPU

35
Q

The oxygen (O2) flush valve:

A
  • receives oxygen from the pipeline inlet or cylinder pressure regulator
  • directs a high unmetered flow (between 35 & 75 L/min) directly to the common gas outlet. It is commonly labeled “O2+.”
  • On most anesthesia machines, the O2 flush can be activated regardless of whether the master switch is turned ON or OFF.
36
Q

oxygen fail-safe alarm

A
  • Device that shuts off or proportionally decreases all gases except oxygen or alarms when oxygen pressure has fallen to a dangerous level (usually
  • Depends on pressure, not flow
37
Q

Datex-Ohmeda O2 fail safe alarm

A

Gas flows stopped if O2 pressure <20

38
Q

Drager O2 fail safe alarm

A

N2O flow decrease proportionally with O2 pressure <30

39
Q

Oxygen fail safe device/alarm

A
  • Activated when O2 pressure
  • Anesthesia workstation standards specify that whenever the oxygen supply pressure falls below a manufacturer-specified threshold (usually 30 psig), at least a medium priority alarm be enunciated within 5 seconds. It is not possible to disable this alarm.
40
Q

Secondary Pressure Regulator

A
  • Reduce intermediate pressure to low pressure (20 psi O2, 38 psi N2O)
  • Decrease pressure fluctuations
41
Q

Low Pressure Components

A
  • Hypoxic guard/proportioning systems
  • Flowmeter tubes
  • Vaporizers
  • Check valves (if present)
  • Common gas outlet
42
Q

Link N-25

A

The function of the Link-25 Proportioning System is to minimize the risk of delivering a hypoxic mixture to the patient by maintaining a minimum of oxygen concentration of 25% in the fresh gas supply (hence the name “Link-25”). There is a 14-tooth sprocket on the nitrous oxide flow control valve & a 29-tooth sprocket on the oxygen flow control valve. When the oxygen concentration reaches 25%, a pin on the oxygen sprocket engages a pin on the oxygen flow control knob. This causes the chain (“link”) to turn making the oxygen & nitrous oxide flow control valves turn together. When the nitrous oxide flow control knob is turned, its sprocket drives the linking chain to turn the oxygen sprocket & in doing so also opens the oxygen needle valve. This “link” helps ensure that when the nitrous oxide flow is more than three times the oxygen flow, the oxygen flow control valve opens to provide at least 25% of the overall flow mixture. The reverse scenario also holds true. If the oxygen flow is turned down, the chain link will drag down the nitrous oxide flow with it to maintain a sufficient percentage of oxygen.

43
Q

One of the most ingenious aspects of the system is that it does not operate unless flow conditions merit intervention. If you look at the side view, you can see that there is a “stop tab” on the oxygen sprocket assembly. The proportioning system does not operate unless the “kick-in tab” on the oxygen Flow Control Knob engages with the stop tab. Until then, the nitrous oxide & oxygen Flow Control Valves operate independently of each other. This means that oxygen can always be turned up without affecting the amount of nitrous oxide being delivered. Conversely, nitrous oxide can always be turned down without affecting the volume of oxygen being delivered. True or false?

A

True

44
Q

Flowmeters

A

Flowmeters are gas specific because they are calibrated for each particular gas density & viscosity. Temperature & pressure changes will affect both density & viscosity of the gas & therefore the accuracy of the indicated flow rate. Increased altitude (decreased barometric pressure) will result in flow rates that are greater than indicated on the flowmeter.

45
Q

Flowmeter tubes

A

Flowmeter tubes (variable area, Thorpe tube) are tapered with the smallest diameter at the bottom. When gas is flowing, it passes thru the annular opening between the indicator & the tube & on to outlet at the top of the tube. The indicator floats freely in the tube at a position where the downward force caused by gravity equals the upward force caused by the gas pressure on the bottom of the indicator. The annular opening increases with height allowing more gas flow. Flow rate thru the tube depends on: the pressure drop across the constriction, the size of the annular opening, & the physical properties of the gas.

Read of center of the ball for ball floats & the top of the float for tapered floats.

46
Q

Common gas outlet

A
  • Receive all gases & vapors from machine and deliver them to breathing system
  • Frequent place for circuit disconnection.
47
Q

Intermediate pressure components

A
  • pipeline inlets
  • gas power outlet
  • master switch
  • oxygen flush
  • oxygen pressure failure device
  • oxygen & nitrous oxide
  • flowmeter valves
48
Q

Works even when the ventilator is off

A
  • axillary O2
  • O2 flush
  • monitors
  • suction

Machines (7 decks)

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