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Machines > Circle System > Flashcards

Circle System Flashcards

1
Q

Work of breathing is _____ and ____.

A

resistance

compliance

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2
Q

Circle System Components

A
  • Carbon Dioxide Absorbent
  • Carbon Dioxide Absorbers
  • Unidirectional Valves
  • Inspiratory/Expiratory Ports
  • Breathing Tubes
  • Y-Piece
  • Fresh Gas Inlet
  • APL Valve
  • Reservoir Bag
  • Bag/Ventilator Switch
  • Ventilator
  • Pressure Gauge
  • Respiratory Gas Monitor Sensor
  • Airway Pressure Monitor Sensor
  • Respirometer
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3
Q

Carbon Dioxide Absorbant types (2)

A
  • soda lime
  • barium hydroxide lime
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4
Q

How is carbon dioxide absorbed?

A

carbonic acid neutralization

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5
Q

When you should change absorbent? (3)

A

CO2 in inspired gases
Color change
Heat in canisters

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6
Q

Tube length does affect dead space because of unidirectional gas flow. True or false?

A

false

does not

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7
Q

Breathing Tubes—colored end is inspiratory. True or false?

A

true

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8
Q

What is the connector between breathing tubes & endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway device?

A

Y-piece

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9
Q

_________ is where fresh gases with/without anesthetics enter the breathing circuit

A

fresh gas inlet

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10
Q

APL Valve functions: (2)

A
  • Controls pressure in breathing system
  • Releases gases to scavenging system
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11
Q

Reservoir bag function (4)

A
  • Allows gas to accumulate during exhalation (reservoir of gas for next inspiration)
  • Method of generating positive-pressure ventilation
  • Way to monitor spontaneous respiration
  • Protects patient from excessive pressure in breathing system
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12
Q

What will warn clinicians of high or low-pressure conditions in breathing system?

A

Airway Pressure Monitor Sensor

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13
Q

What are the objectives of a circle system design?

A
  • Maximum inclusion of fresh gas in inspired mixture & maximum venting of alveolar gas
  • Minimize absorbent dessication
  • Minimal absorbent consumption
  • Accurate respirometer readings
  • Maximal inspired gas humidification
  • Minimal dead space
  • Low resistance
  • Minimal pull on mask, ETT, or LMA
  • Convenience
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14
Q

In CO2 absorbant, smaller granules have high absorptive surface area & high resistance to gas flow. True or false?

A

true

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15
Q

Drier absorbent will absorb & degrade volatile anesthetics more. True or false?

A

true

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16
Q

Do not change absorbent during the case. True or false?

A

true

17
Q

The inspiratory and expiratory port diameters are:

A

22–mm and male

18
Q

What gases are found inside the bellows? (3)

A
  • FGF
  • agent
  • patient exhaled gases
19
Q

Most common fresh gas inlet location

A

Upstream of the inspiratory valve and downstream from the absorber

20
Q

Most common location for the APL valve:

A
  • Near the reservoir bag downstream of the expiratory valve & upstream of the absorber
  • In this position, fresh gas will be vented only if the fresh gas flow is high.
21
Q

Most common reservoir bag location:

A
  • Between the expiratory unidirectional valve & the absorber
  • With manually assisted/controlled ventilation, more efficient absorbent use occurs with the bag upstream of the absorber.
  • A disadvantage of placing the bag upstream of the absorber is that a sudden increase in pressure from squeezing the bag may force dust from the absorber into the inspiratory tubing.
22
Q

Most common ventilator location:

A
  • Upstream of the absorber, near the APL valve
23
Q

During spontaneous inspiration, gas flows from the reservoir bag thru the absorber where it joins with the fresh gas & flows to the patient. True or false?

A

true

24
Q

During exhalation, exhaled gases pass into the reservoir bag until it is full then excess gases are vented thru the APL valve. True or false?

A

True

25
Q

Excess gases are released thru the APL valve. True or false?

A

true

26
Q

For the Drager machines (Fabius & Apollo), the ventilator is between the_______ & the _________. The reservoir bag is between the ________ & the absorber.

During spontaneous inspiration, gases will flow from the reservoir bag & fresh gas inlet thru the inspiratory valve to the patient.

A

fresh gas decoupling valve

inspiratory valve

expiratory valve

27
Q

In the Drager system,during manual inspiration, the bag is compressed causing exhaled gas to pass thru the absorber after which it is joined by fresh gas. True or false?

A

true

28
Q

In the Drager system, with mechanical ventilation during inspiration, the fresh gas decoupling valve closes which isolates the fresh gas from the inspired gas. True or false?

A

true

29
Q

Drager system during exhalation during ventilation, exhaled gases will pass thru the expiratory valve & the absorber & on to the ventilator. True or false?

A

true

30
Q

Low flows fresh gas requirement: (3)

A
  • Require CO2 absorber
  • Vary O2 & anesthetic concentrations
  • Prolong induction & recovery
31
Q

Requirement for high fresh gas flows: (4)

A
  • > 5 L/min don’t require CO2 absorber
  • Accelerate induction & recovery
  • Compensate for circuit leaks
  • Decrease unanticipated gas mixture risk
32
Q

The area distal to point of inspiratory & expiratory gas mixing at the Y-piece is defined as:

A

dead space

33
Q

Resistance in circuit is increased by (3):

A

Unidirectional valves
CO2 absorber
Coaxial tubings

34
Q

Circle System Advantages (7)

A
  • Economy
  • Reduced operating room pollution
  • Reduced environmental pollution
  • Estimation of anesthetic agent uptake & oxygen consumption
  • Buffered changes in inspired concentrations
  • Heat & humidity conservation
  • Reduced barotrauma risk
35
Q

Circle System Disadvantages

A
  • Larger overall size
  • Less portability
  • Increased complexity
  • Increased resistance
  • Difficult to predict inspired gas concentrations with low fresh gas flows
  • Hypercarbia risk
  • Faster absorbent exhaustion

Machines (7 decks)

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