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Professional Issues > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Boundary

A

a limit of a subject or sphere of activity

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2
Q

Boundaries: Too Permeable example

A

Eg. overinvolved parent

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3
Q

Boundaries: Too Impermeable example

A

Eg. parent neglect leads to failure to thrive

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4
Q

Temperance

A

Moderation and self-restraint

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5
Q

Boundary Violations

A

A serious breach that results in harm to clients and is therefore unethical

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6
Q

Boundary Crossings

A

A departure from commonly accepted professional practice eg. momentary change

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7
Q

Boundary Crossing Examples (4 points)

A
  • Self-disclosure
  • Physical contact
  • Gifts
  • Social relationships/Dual relationships
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8
Q

Core Principles (Tri-Council Policy)

A
  • Respect for persons
  • Concern for welfare
  • Justice
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9
Q

Qualities to Consent (4 points)

A
  • voluntary
  • free from the threat of harm
  • informed
  • on-going
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10
Q

Privacy

A

an individual’s right to be free from intrusion or interference by others

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11
Q

Confidentiality

A

obligation of an individual or organization to safeguard entrusted information

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12
Q

Security

A

measures used to protect information (e.g., encrypt, lock)

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13
Q

Professional Boundary

A

the role expectations of the psychologist-client relationship and is the interpersonal territory where most ethical expectations are enacted

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14
Q

Primary Client

A

an individual or group receiving psychological services intended to help them

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15
Q

A contract examinee

A

an individual or group who is the subject of a psychological assessment at the request of a third party

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16
Q

A retaining party

A

an individual or group that has hired a psychologist to provide services

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17
Q

Sexual Relationships between a psychologist and a client (Canadian Law?)

A

Under Canadian law, sexual contact between a psychologist and client is considered assault, regardless of whether the client gives consent or not

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18
Q

“Permissible Medical Experimentation”

A
  • Containing ten principles that must be observed for research to be considered moral, ethical and legal
  • Came to be known as the Nuremberg Code
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19
Q

The Wigmore test

A

provides a general framework for weighing and balancing the facts of a particular request for privilege in court

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20
Q

Nuremberg Code (1949)

A

emphasized the need for special protection of children and vulnerable persons against abuse or exploitation in research

21
Q

Consequences to boundary crossing:

A
  • damage the trust
  • interfere with an RD’s professional judgment to the detriment of the client (emotions over well-being)
  • hinder a client’s ability to question treatment suggestions
  • can compromise a client’s ability to provide voluntary consent
22
Q

Rescue Fantasies

A

occurs when an RD’s desire to help goes too far, intruding into the client’s private life

23
Q

What do you need to do when you need to touch a client?

A
  • ask for consent

- explain purpose

24
Q

RHPA def. of sexual abuse

A

very broad including all sexual acts; inappropriate touching, gestures, or sexual innuendo of any kind, photos or calendars, jokes or any remark of a sexual nature

25
Q

Vigilance

A

the action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties

26
Q

How long can registration be revoked for with sexual abuse?

A

at least 5 years

27
Q

Zero-tolerance provisions for sexual abuse in professional relationships (2 points)

A
  • cannot have sex with a client

- cannot treat a sexual partner

28
Q

Minimum time for a professional to have a romantic relationship with a former client

A

1 year from the therapeutic professional relationship ending

29
Q

Examples of Safeguards

A
  • be open, honest and transparent
  • reassure
  • respect confidentiality
  • maintain professionalism
30
Q

10 steps in making an ethical decision

A
  1. Identify those affected
  2. Consider biases/stress
  3. Identify principles, standards, guidelines
  4. Develop courses of action
  5. Weigh benefits and risks
  6. Choose action
  7. Action
  8. Evaluate results
  9. Take responsibility for consequences
  10. Action to prevent future occurances
31
Q

Bounded Rationality

A

simplified models; that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity

32
Q

Intuitive decision making

A
  • least rational way

- an unconscious process created from distilled experience

33
Q

Overconfidence bias

A

Error in judgment that arises from being far too optimistic about one’s own performance

34
Q

Anchoring bias

A

a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information

35
Q

Confirmation bias

A
  • represents a case of selective perception

- we seek out information that reaffirms our past choices, and we discount information that contradicts them

36
Q

Availability bias

A

the tendency for people to base their judgments on readily available information

37
Q

Escalation of commitment

A

staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence that it’s wrong

38
Q

Randomness error

A

our tendency to believe we can predict the outcome of random events

39
Q

Risk Aversion

A

The tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff

40
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

the tendency to believe falsely, after the outcome of an event is actually known, that we could have accurately predicted that outcome

41
Q

Groupthink

A
  • group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views
42
Q

When does groupthink occur most often?

A
  • where there is a clear group identity
  • members hold a positive image of their group, which they want to protect
  • the group perceives a collective threat to its positive image
43
Q

Groupshift

A

initial positions of individual group members become exaggerated because of the interactions of the group

44
Q

Group Decision-Making Techniques

A
  • Interacting groups (most common)
  • Brainstorming (least helpful)
  • Nominal Group Technique (silently ranking ideas)
45
Q

Four ways to ethically frame decisions and examine the factors that shape an individual’s ethical decision-making behaviour:

A
  1. Utilitarianism (“greatest good for the greatest number of people”)
  2. Decisions consistent w Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
  3. Enforce rules fairly/Justice/Equitable distribution of benefits
  4. Care
46
Q

Whistle-Blowers

A

Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders

47
Q

Behavioural Ethics

A

an area of study that analyzes how people behave when confronted with ethical dilemmas

48
Q

Broken Windows Theory (James Q. Wilson)

A

the idea that decayed and disorderly urban environments may facilitate criminal behaviour because they signal antisocial norms

Professional Issues (4 decks)

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