part 3

Question 1

is a condition in which, during sleep, the person is making breathing effort but there is no or extremely limited airflow.

Answer 1

Obstructive sleep apnea OSA

Question 2

what is common with OSA

Answer 2

snoring

Question 3

Daytime symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 3

fatigue, morning headaches, and difficulty concentrating.

Question 4

Physical examination of patients with OSA typically reveals?

Answer 4

obesity, enlarged neck circumference, and hypertension

Question 5

mild apnea may be treated with conservative measures

and a sleep study should be performed to determine what

Answer 5

weight loss, avoiding alcohol for 4 to 6 hours before bed, and sleep position modification

The severity of the condition of

Question 6

What is the first line of therapy for sleep apnea?

Answer 6

nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied with nasal prongs.

Question 7

if the cpap doesnt work what is the next line of therapy?

Answer 7

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) may be tried with a face mask or nasal mask

Question 8

Another way to maintain an airway is by

Answer 8

Oral appliance

Question 9

Untreated sleep apnea can treat can contribute to what

Answer 9

Myocardial infraction or strokes

Question 10

often results from sports injuries, motor vehicle accidents, or physical assault and is the most common type of facial fracture.

Answer 10

nasal fracture

Question 11

Displacement of cartilage or bonE can interfere w/

Answer 11

AIRFLOW AND DERFOMITY

and can become a potential spot of infection

Question 12

Diagnosis of nasal fracture
by

and what should also be order if additional fracture are suspected

Answer 12

visual inspection for deformity,
a change in nasal breathing,
and presence of crepitation (grating sound or a feeling of rough surfaces rubbing together) on palpation

imaging studies

Question 13

If the patient is seen within the first 24 hours after nasal fracture what need to be done

Answer 13

a closed reduction is most often performed using local or general anesthetic.

Question 14

treatment for a nasal fracture is

Answer 14

pain relief and ice and cold compression to reduce swelling

Question 15

if the facture is serve what may be done to improve airflow and cosmetic appearance

Answer 15

rhinoplasty

Question 16

If you have rhinoplasty, it may take..

Answer 16

it may take 6 to 12 months before the final result of the surgery is evident.

Question 17

cancer of the larynx risk factors ***

Answer 17

cigarette or cigar smoking, excessive use of alcohol, asbestos exposure, wood dust, helicobacter pylori, lack of fruits

pollutant= asbestos, paint fumes, wood or coal dust

Question 18

What is the most common malignant tumor of the larynx

Answer 18

squamous cell carcinoma It grows from the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. Metastasis may occur to the lung

Question 19

Signs of possible throat cancer

Answer 19

Hoarseness lasting more than 3 weeks
• Sore throat that lasts more than 2 weeks
• Consistent pain in or around the ear when swallowing
• Difficulty swallowing
• Dry, persistent cough for no known reason
• Blood in phlegm or saliva lasting more than a few days
• Lumps or knots on the neck indicating enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Question 20

After symptoms spread beyond vocal cords what are the symptoms?

Answer 20

difficulty in swallowing or breathing, halitosis, blood-tinged sputum, fatigue and weakness, a sensation of having a lump in the throat, cough, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, pain in the region of the Adam’s apple, or an airway obstruction

Question 21

Diagnosis of throat cancer

Answer 21

visualizing the larynx with a laryngoscope, by a computed tomography scan of the larynx and throat, by magnetic resonance imaging, and by microscopic examination of a sample of tissues taken from the site.

Question 22

if caught early, can cure 85% of cancers what type of treatment is given

Answer 22

Radiation in throat cancer and endoscopic laser

Question 23

along w/ external beam radiation is used for certain types of lesion

Answer 23

bracchytherapy

Question 24

When is a total laryngectomy performed?

why is it performed ?

Answer 24

if the tumor has progressed to surrounding tissues, and radiation therapy has failed, or better survival can be obtained by the more aggressive surgery.
CANNOT SPEAK OR SWALLOW.

for organ preservation

Question 25

may be performed to facilitate breathing
temporarily but the stoma is eventually closed and the pt may resume talking after the affected area is completely healed

Answer 25

tracheostomy

Question 26

may be the initial treatment in some cases of laryngeal cancer

what do this treatment do and goal

Answer 26

chemotherapy

shrink the malignancy so that it can be removed surgically
the goal is to preserve as much function as possible

Question 27

in a laryngectomy what structure is removed

Answer 27

epiglottis 
thyroid cartilage 
hyoid
cricoid
two or more ring of the trachea

Question 28

What is removed from a radical neck surgery ?

Answer 28

all the muscle, lymph nodes, and soft tissue from the lower edge of the mandible to the clavicle and from the top of the trapezius muscle to the midline are remove

Question 29

if the tumor has extended to lymph node neck dissection is performed on the

Answer 29

side of the lession

Question 30

extensive surgeries will often include placement

what should done b4 giving a pt giving them food

Answer 30

of a feeding tube for nutrition

a swallow evaluation

Question 31

is inserted into the trachea through the nose or the mouth w/ the use of a what

Answer 31

intubation and laryngoscope

Question 32

when is endotracheal done

Answer 32

an endotracheal is done for airway protection against aspiration when there is upper airway obstruction and mechanical ventilation

Question 33

tracheostomy is done

Answer 33

to assist or control ventilation by mechanical means

to facilitate suctioning of secretion in the air passages when the pt w/ chronic disease cannot cough

to prevent aspiration of oral; and gastric secretion

to bypass a constricted or obstructed upper airway body

Question 34

what is the nursing management for tracheostomy

Answer 34

Monitor continuously for signs of respiratory distress.

Immediate postoperative care

Psychological support

Communication

Rehabilitation

Question 35

for pt who cannot master esophageal speech what is implanted

Answer 35

a tracheosphageal

Question 36

one of the primary aspect of community care for nurses is to

Answer 36

is to promote immunization for influenzas and pneumonia