part 2 Flashcards
is a common occurrence and usually resulting from crusting, cracking, or irritation of the mucous membrane of the nasal septum
what is the only sign of nosebleed
epistaxis (nose bleed)
bleeding
what are the most common type of nose bleed
how many % require medical attention
anterior bleed 90% to 95%
about 6%
nosebleed can also result in what
trauma
hypertension
blood disorder like leukemia
When epitaxis (nose bleed) occurs, how should patient sit and how should pressure be applied?
the patient should sit forward and apply direct pressure by pinching the nose just below the bone, close to the face, for 10 to 15 minutes.
When epitaxis occurs, placing them in the forward position prevents ________?
How does cold compresses help with epitaxis?
the pt should avoid doing what ?
Prevents blood from running down the back of the throat
Cold compresses/ ice will constrict blood vessels
bending over or pick at for 24 hrs
once. the bleeding stop the pt should
Minimal bleeding
Persistent bleeding
Rest
Patient teaching
pt on anticoagulant and anti-platelet med and when nasal cannula are increased of what
nose bleed
usually called a sore throat
what may be caused by ?
Pharyngitis
virus, bacteria, or fungus but usually by viral
Acute follicular pharyngitis (“strep throat”) is caused by
caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
Fungal pharyngitis occurs with long-term use of
antibiotics or inhaled corticosteroids,
or in patients with immunosuppression, such as occurs with HIV or AIDS
during cancer treatment.
Laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx with diminished voice or hoarseness) may occur
if the infection progresses into the larynx.
If the inflammation extends to the epiglottis what occur which more common in ?
what can it cause
epiglottitis occurs.
More common in children
acute airway obstruction and should be monitored
Symptoms of pharyngitis include
what may also be involved
is also present with discomfort when swallowing one’s own saliva.
Dry, “scratchy” feeling in the back of the throat
Mild fever
Headache
Malaise
Throat, tonsils, palate, and uvula may be involved and will be reddened
Dysphagia
What is a common symptom of Laryngitis that does not usually inhibit the ability to take adequate fluids and nourishment?
Discomfort when swallowing one’s saliva
The voice may become absent or hoarse with this condition
Laryngitis
How long does uncomplicated pharyngitis or laryngitis usually last?
3-10 days
The diagnosis of pharyngitis is confirmed
A throat culture is often done to confirm or rule out
by clinical signs and symptoms.
streptococcal infection.
How is uncomplicated viral pharyngitis treated? It responds to these measures..
usually responds to conservative measures,:
rest,
warm saline gargles (image to 1 tsp of table salt to a glass of warm water),
throat lozenges (small medicinal tablets that dissolve in the mouth),
antiseptic sprays,
plenty of fluids,
and a mild analgesic for aches and pains.
Antiseptic sprays and lozenges help provide relief from
discomfort.
Bacterial pharyngitis requires what… for what type of organism
antibiotic therapy, particularly if the infecting organism is Streptococcus.
Chronic pharyngitis may require diagnostic procedures to determine what ?
the underlying cause and therapeutic measures such as humidification and filtering of environmental air
Fungal pharyngitis is treated with what ? how can it be difficult
an agent effective against fungi but may be difficult to control in immunocompromised individuals.
An infection with inflammation of the tonsils is usually caused by viruses such as those common cold
Tonsilitis
is the most common organism causing bacterial infection
Group A streptococcus
tonsillitis caused by the Epstein-barr virus is called
glandular fever or infectious mononucleosis
Acute tonsillitis is more common
in
young children.
Symptoms of tonsillitis
high fever,
sore throat,
general malaise,
pain referred to the ears, and chills,
white blood cell count elevated
, redness and swelling of the tonsils and surrounding tissues with patches of yellow exudate.
usually produces an enlargement of tonsillar tissue and adenoidal tissue.
Chronic tonsillitis
how is tonsillitis DX
if streptococcal infection is suspected what should be done
by physical examination and history
throat culture or rapid strep test
A throat culture is performed before treatment to check for the presence of
Streptococcus, which can cause rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis if not treated promptly
Acute tonsillitis is treated with..
treated with
warm saline throat gargles and the administration of specific antibiotics (usually penicillin) to destroy the pathogen.
what are some nursing measure for tonsillitis
bed rest
fever management
liquid dt
surgery is used to treat tonsillitis when it is what
recurrent or enlarge of the tonsil and adenoids
or if the pt has more than six episode
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are done when
what should be administered to the pt
the should be a restriction of
and what should you check foe after surgery
the same say surgery
aspirin and anti-inflammatory medication
restricting the pt dt for 6 to 8 hrs b4 surgery
for hemorrhage
what is another clue to excessive bleeding
what should you watching after surgery frequently
what can cause bleeding
restlessness
VS and swallowing or clearing if throat
sneezing, coughing, vomiting
After tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy, place pt. in this position when DROWSY
when FULLY AWAKE
what should be placed on their neck
Side-lying position
semi fowler
ice collar or ice pack
These types of food should be avoided until throat is completely healed
RED food
Ctrus fruits,
hot fluids,
rough foods should be avoided until the throat has completely healed.
Straws are not used because sucking may cause bleeding
what is the most common airway obstruction is the
tongue
