part 1 Flashcards
the UR tract includes
nose and sinuses
mouth, pharynx
and larynx
are considered lower airway structure but are frequently involved in upper airway condition
larynx below the vocal cord and the trachea
URI include
viral and bacterial infection= cold flu pharyngitis rhino sinusitis epiglottis larynogotracheitis pertussis
the common cold acute viral rhinitis is
an inflammation of the nose and upper respiratory
other name for a cold include
nasopharyngitis
rhinophayngitis
acute coryza
and head cold
The common cold usually starts with these symptoms.
usually starts with a mild sore throat or a hot, dry, prickly sensation in the nose and back of the throat.
Within hours after the onset of a cold, the nose becomes congested with these symptoms
is there elevation In temp
increased secretions
the eyes begin to water
sneezing
malaise and an irritating,
nonproductive cough appear.
no but if it does it would be a low grade fever less than 101
How many days will a cold last?
How many days will it take before all symptoms are gone?
Cold will last 7-11 days,
may take up to 14 days before all symptoms are gone
the use of zinc is used to decrease
the recovery time from a cold
is there a cold for the common cold
and what are the treatment of allergic rhinitis
no
is symptomatic Antihistamine, steroid, sprays
Echinacea, goldenseal herb mineral vitamins amino acids
are taken at the first sign of a cold and are believed to boost the body’s immune response
should taken at the first sign of a cold and are believed to boost the body’s immune response
Echinacea, goldenseal herb mineral vitamins amino acids
A major goal in the care of a common cold is to prevent what?
prevent of a secondary bacterial infection.
A person with a cold is contagious for about how many days ?
3 days after symptoms first appear.
Colds are spread by
droplet infection.
mild nonprescription analgesic can help w/ ?
relieve the muscle aches and headache of a cold
what type med can have a rebound effect leaving a what ?
Decongestants nose drop
spray containing vasoconstriction such as oxymetazoline
leaving the nose stuffier if used more than 3 day
vasoconstriction such as oxymetazoline do what
relief of nasal congestion
Immune function in older adults is decreased, and they are therefore more at risk
and they should be encourage to do what ?
If a cold develops, an older person is more likely to?
for contracting a cold or upper respiratory infection.
- They should be encouraged to stay away from people who have such infections.
- and Encourage increased fluid intake and lots of rest until the cold symptoms are completely cleared.
develop a secondary infection.
Commonly Prescribed Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis and Sinusitis are ?
Antihistamines
Corticosteroid sprays
Mast cell stabilizer
Decongestants
Aspirin should not be given to children younger than because of what ?
Adults taking anticoagulants or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not take aspirin because ?
18 years of age because aspirin has an association with Reye’s syndrome.
because aspirin will further prolong the clotting time.
frequent use of saline nasal spray decrease what
antibiotic are not given because ?
congestion w/out side effect
a cold os a viral infecton
a bacterial infection require what ?
and when is it likely to present
medical treatment
- when a cold is persistent for more than 7 to 10 days w/out improvement
- and if the pt begins to feel worse has temp of 101
- develop chest pain or cough up purulent sputum
is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the sinuses
Sinusitis
is preferred term because the nasal mucosa is almost always inflamed along w/ the sinuses
rhinosinusitis
what are the most common of rhinosinusitis
viral infection
what causes of sinusitis
Causes include infection that has spread from the nasal passages to the sinuses and blockage of normal sinus drainage routes.
occurs from repeated inflammation of the nasal mucosa and tissue growth that obstruct airflow
polyps
s/s of sinusitis
exudate accumulates= pain tenderness over the sinuses purulent drainage from the nose nasal obstruction nonproductive cough upper teeth pain
what are usually the infecting organisms of sinusitis.
Pneumococci, streptococci, or Haemophilus influenzae
A deviated septum or nasal polyps can contribute to blockage of
the nasal passages.
People with a deviated nasal septum or allergy problems tend
to have recurrent sinusitis.
Treatment for sinusitis
what should you promote ?
what should you control ?
what should you prevent ?
Relieve pain,
promote sinus drainage,
control infection,
prevent recurrence.
Hot moist packs over the sinus area can be helpful.
Treatment for sinusitis continue
Inhaling moist steam help w what ?
what should you keep near ?
Inhaling moist steam thins secretions and helps to promote drainage.
Kits for sinus irrigation are available at drugstores and seem to help.
Medications for sinusitis are prescribed to promote
what med can also be used ?
Infection may be treated with what ?
vasoconstriction, reduce swelling, and promote drainage
Decongestants also may be used.
an antibiotic or anti-infective agent, often for at least 10 days.
treatment for sinusitis also includes
Rest, reduced stress, a balanced diet, and control of allergies can help prevent recurrence.
Analgesics are given for pain.
Fluid intake should be increased and dairy product intake lowered to decrease the thickness of secretions.
acute or chronic sinus infection can cause what type of problems
when sinus infection is chronic what may be necessary
and how is a polyps can be removed
septicemia
meningitis
brain abscess
surgery
endoscopically
