[Part 2]- TOPIC 4A: Changing cities

Question 1

What is child labour, an impact of rapid urbanisation ?

Answer 1

• rapid urbanisation [particularly in emerging and developing countries] can increase rates of child labour.
• this is because, as more people migrate and move to towns and cities, schools may not be able to facilitate for these high numbers of children.
• therefore these children may be unable to access education, and instead have to partake in informal employment [where children are paid little amounts of money in manual labour jobs; they are given no protection]

Question 2

Why is congestion and air pollution, an impact of rapid urbanisation ?

Answer 2

• rapid urbanisation [particularly in emerging and developing countries] can increase levels of congestion and air pollution.
• this is because, as more people migrate and move to cities and towns, the number of cars on the road will increase- which can also increase the levels of air pollution [as more cars release harmful pollutants]

Question 3

Why are an increased crime rate, an impact of rapid urbanisation ?

Answer 3

• rapid urbanisation [particularly in emerging and developing countries] can increase crime rates.
• this is because, the police do not have time to fully police migrants entering developing and emerging counties- so, people may take advantage of an overwhelmed police force, and develop gangs, increasing crime rates

Question 4

Name the four factors that have affected regional variations in the UK’s urbanisation ?

Answer 4

• physical factors
• historical factors
• recent economic factors
• and, political factors

Question 5

How can physical factors, affect the UK’s regional variations in urbanisation ?

Answer 5

• physical factors- naturally occuring landscape factors [such as boggy areas] can affect regional variations in urbanisation, because it affects how easily people can settle in large numbers

Question 6

How can historical factors, affect the UK’s regional variations in urbanisation ?

Answer 6

• historical factors- industry from the past, that originally developed large industries has increased the size of placed originally work, and then these places have contuined to grow [which causes regional variations in the UK’s urbanisation]

Question 7

How can recent economic factors, affect the UK’s regional variations in urbanisation ?

Answer 7

• recent economic factors- newer industrial growth [meaning economic gain in a particular field or sector of the total economy], has affected regional variations in the UK’s urbanisation.
• this is because, there has been growth towards the tertiary and quaternary industries.

Question 8

How can political factors, affect the UK’s regional variations in urbanisation ?

Answer 8

• political factors has affected the UK’s regional variations in urbanisation because:
• government centres [e.g- in London] are important, and will attract more investment.
• this is because, countries may want to set up their companies, near these government centres- so these areas will be more densely populated

Question 9

• Fill in the gaps: a historic factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation is, London historically standing out as the _______ UK town.
• This is because, of London’s size and importance as the capital and port city, which has meant London has attracted the greatest historic _________.

Answer 9

• a historic factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation is, London historically standing out as the largest UK town.
• This is because, of London’s size and importance as the capital and port city, which has meant London has attracted the greatest historic migration.

Question 10

• Fill in the gaps: a recent economic factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation, is modern industries rapidly growing in the south and east of ______ such as Swindon.
• This is because, these modern industries have good modern transport _____ and more ________ industries [such as Innovate UK]

Answer 10

• a recent economic factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation, is modern industries rapidly growing in the south and east of cities such as Swindon.
• This is because, these modern industries have good modern transport links and more creative industries [such as Innovate UK]

Question 11

• Fill in the gaps: a physical factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation, is _______ slopes on higher land.
• this means that soils are thin, so farming and building is difficult, therefore areas of the UK on higher land may be ____ densely populated because, companies may be less _________ to these areas.

Answer 11

• a physical factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation, is steeper slopes on higher land.
• this means that soils are thin, so farming and building is difficult, therefore areas of the UK on higher land may be less densely populated because, companies may be less attracted to these areas.

Question 12

• Fill in the gaps: a political factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation, is that the __ government is the location for many trade deals [such as the UK-Japan Comprehensive economic partnership], and geo-politics.
• these trade deals and geo-politics have included links to other governments around the world, for the _____ and industry of _____ and services.

Answer 12

• a political factor that has affected the UK’s variation in urbanisation, is that the UK government is the location for many trade deals [such as the UK-Japan Comprehensive economic partnership], and geo-politics.
• these trade deals and geo-politics have included links to other governments around the world, for the trade and industry of goods and services.

Question 13

What is the UK-Japan Comprehensive economic partnership ? 🇯🇵

Answer 13

• the UK-Japan comprehensive economic partnership, is a trade agreement [an international treaty between countries for products and services] that has multiple benefits for farmers and agriculture-food exporters, to outside of the UK.
• for example, the trade agreement means that UK pet food exporters, will be able to use ingredients for pet food [e.g- meat and fish] from anywhere in the world, instead of solely from the EU