Part 2: Review of BLS and AED for Infants and Children

Question 1

Infants

Answer 1

younger than 1 year (excluding the newly born)

Question 2

Children

Answer 2

ages range from 1 year of age to puberty.

Question 3

Signs of puberty

Answer 3

chest or underarm hair on boys, and any breast development in girls

Question 4

The first rescuer who arrives at the side of an unresponsive infant or child should:

Answer 4

1. verify scene safety
2. check for responsiveness, tap the Childs should or the heel of the infants foot and shout are you OK
3. If the infant or child is not responsive, shout for nearby help, activate the emergency response system

Question 5

To minimize delay in starting CPR, take no more than ____ to assess breathing at the same time you check the pulse.

Answer 5

10 seconds

Question 6

To perform a pulse check in an infant, ____

Answer 6

palpate or feel for a brachial pulse

Question 7

To perform a puse check in a child, ____

Answer 7

palpate a carotid or femoral pulse

Question 8

If you do not definitely feel a pulse within 10 seconds, ____

Answer 8

start CPR, beginning with chest compressions.

Question 9

In an infant follow these steps to locate the brachial artery.

Answer 9

1. place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the infants elbow and shoulder.
2. Then press the fingers to attempt to feel for the pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds

Question 10

Follow these steps to locate the femoral artery pulse

Answer 10

1. Place 2 fingers the inner thigh, midway between the hipbone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meets the torso
2. Feel for a pulse for at least 5 but no more then 10 seconds.

Question 11

If the infant or child does not have normal breathing and a pulse is felt, ____

Answer 11

provide rescue breathing and give 1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds, or about 20 to 30 breaths/min

Question 12

While rescue breathing, if heart rate is less than 60/min with signs of poor perfusion, ____

Answer 12

start CPR

Question 13

While rescue breathing, if heart rate is 60/min or greater, ____

Answer 13

continue rescue breathing and check the pulse every 2 minutes.

Question 14

If you are alone and witness the sudden collapse of an infant or child, ____.

Answer 14

activate the emergency response system, and retrieve an AED/ defibrillator

Question 15

If you are alone and did not witness the sudden collapse of an infant of child, ____

Answer 15

Start high quality CPR for 2 minutes.

Question 16

Sign of poor perfusion

Answer 16

• Temperature: Cool extremities
• Altered mental state: Continued decline in consciousness/ responsiveness
• Pulses: Weak pulses
• Skin: Paleness, mottling (patchy appearance), and later cyanosis (turning blue)

Question 17

If the collapse was sudden and witnessed, ____

Answer 17

leave the infant or child and activate the emergency response system (unless you have already done so by mobile device) and retrieve the AED. If others arrive, send them to activate the emergency response system (if not already done) and retrieve the AED while you remain with the child to start CPR.

Question 18

Single rescuers should use the following compression techniques:

Answer 18

• Infant: 2 finger chest compressions or 2 thumb encircling hands technique
• Child: 1 or 2 hands (whatever is needed to provide compressions of adequate depth)

Question 19

During an unfitness collapse, after about 2 minutes of CPR, if you are still alone and were unable to activate the emergency response system (have no mobil phone) ____

Answer 19

leave the infant or child and activate the emergency response system and get the AED

Question 20

An AED should be used ____

Answer 20

as soon as it is available and follow the prompts.

Question 21

After delivering a shock with an AED or if no shock is advised, ____

Answer 21

immediately resume high quality CPR for 2 minutes

Question 22

The universal rate for compressions in all cardiac arrest victims is ____

Answer 22

100 to 120/min

Question 23

The compression to ventilation ratio for single rescuers is

Answer 23

30:2 in adults, children, and infants

Question 24

If 2 rescuers are present for a resuscitation attempt of an infant or child, use a compression to ventilation ratio of _____

Answer 24

15:2

Question 25

For children compress the chest at least ____

Answer 25

one third the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the chest (approximately 2 inches) with each compression.

Question 26

If multiple rescuers are present, for the resuscitation attempt of an infant the ____ technique is preferred for chest compressions because ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 26

• 2 thumb encircling hands technique
• it produces better blood supply to the heart muscle, helps ensure consistent depth and force of compressions, and may generate higher blood pressures.

Question 27

Infant 1 rescuer 2 finger technique: Minimize interruptions in compressions (e.g. to give breaths) to ____

Answer 27

less than 10 seconds

Question 28

Infant 1 rescuer 2 finger technique: After every ____ compressions, open the airway with a head tilt chin lift and give ____ breaths, each over ____.

Answer 28

• 30
• 2
• 1 second
• The chest should rise with each breath

Question 29

Maximize infant airway patency by positioning ____

Answer 29

with the neck in a neutral position so that the external ear canal is level with the top of the infant’s shoulder.

Question 30

Why are breaths important for infants and children in cardiac arrest?

Answer 30

Infants and children who develop arrest often have respiratory failure or shock that reduces the oxygen content in the blood before the onset of arrest. As a result, for most infants and children in cardiac arrest, chest compressions alone do not deliver oxygenated blood to the heart and brain as effectively as compressions and breaths do.

Question 31

When sizing a BVM for an infant or child ___

Answer 31

select a mask that covers the mouth and nose completely without covering the eyes or overlapping the chin

Question 32

One commonly used method for reducing a shock dose is a pediatric dose attenuator. When attacked to an AED, it reduces the shock dose by about ____. Typically you can use child pads to deliver the reduced shock dose.

Answer 32

two thirds

Question 33

Use child AED pads if available for infants and children younger than ____. If child pads are not available, use ____

Answer 33

• 8 years

* adult pads

Question 34

If using adult pads on an infant or child, make sure ____

Answer 34

the pads do not touch each other or overlap.

Question 35

Anteroposterior pad placement is commonly used for ____

Answer 35

infants.

Question 36

For infants, ____ is preferred to an AED for defibrillation because ____

Answer 36

• manual defibrillator

* it has more capabilities than an AED and can provide lower energy doses needed in infants.