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AQA Physics [Paper 2] > [Part 2]- P10- Forces and motion 🚙 > Flashcards

[Part 2]- P10- Forces and motion 🚙 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stopping distance ?

A
  • the stopping distance of a vehicle is:
  • the sum of the distance the vehicle travels during the reaction time, [thinking distance] and the distance it travels under the braking force [braking distance]
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2
Q

What is the thinking distance ?

Hint: vehicle

A
  • the thinking distance, is the distance travelled by the vehicle during the driver’s reaction time
  • [hint- thinks link to reaction]
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3
Q

What is the breaking distance ?

Hint: applies

A
  • the breaking distance, is the distance the vehicle travels from when the driver applies the brakes, to when the car stops
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4
Q
  • Fill in the gaps: the _______ the speed of the vehicle, the greater the stopping ________ [assuming that the same braking force is applied]
A
  • the greater the speed of the vehicle, the greater the stopping distance [assuming that the same braking force is applied]
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5
Q

What is the typical range for a person’s reaction time ?

A
  • the typical range for a person’s reaction time is:
  • bewteen 0.2 and 0.9 seconds
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6
Q

How can a person’s reaction time be measured ?

A
  • we can measure a person’s reaction time:
  • by using the ruler drop test
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7
Q

What factors affects thinking distance ?

A
  • reaction time- the longer a person’s reaction time, the longer the thinking distance
  • speed- the faster a person travels, the further a person will travel, during the time it takes for them to react
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8
Q

What can the reaction time of a driver, be affected by ?

Hint: in the car

A
  • reaction time can be affected by:
  • alcohol and drugs
  • distractions in the car
  • and if a driver is tired
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9
Q

What factors can braking distance be affected by ?

Hint: conditions

A
  • wet or icy conditions
  • the conditions of the tyres
  • the conditions of the brakes
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10
Q

How can wet or icy conditions, affect the braking distance ?

A
  • wet or icy conditions- this can increase the breaking distance.
  • this is because, wet and icy conditions reduce the friction bewteen the tyres, and the road
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11
Q

How can the conditions of the tyres, affect the braking distance ?

A
  • the conditions of the tyres- if a car has worn tyres, the braking distance will also increase
  • this is because, worn tyres reduces the friction between the tyres and the road
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12
Q
  • Fill in the gaps: because kinetic energy depends on the velocity _______ if the velocity of a car is doubled, the kinetic ______ of a car quadruples.
A
  • because kinetic energy depends on the velocity squared if the velocity of a car is doubled, the kinetic energy of a car quadruples.
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13
Q

If a driver is going at a fast speed, what happens ?

A
  • if a driver is driving at a fast speed, they will have to apply a large braking force.
  • this is because, the greater the speed, the greater the breaking force needed to stop the car [in a certain distance]
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14
Q

What is momentum ?

A
  • momentum, can be defined as ‘mass in motion.’
  • [this is because, all objects have mass, so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - because it has its mass in motion]
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15
Q

What objects have momentum ?

A
  • all moving objects have momentum
  • ; if an object is not moving, the object’s momentum is zero [as it has no momentum]
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16
Q

What is the conservation of momentum ?

A
  • the conservation of momentum, states that in a closed system the total momentum before an event, is equal to the total momentum after an event
17
Q

How can a canon, be an example of the conservation of momentum ?

Hint: velocity

A
  • if a canon contains a canon ball, before the canon moves, the canon and cannonball are not moving, so have no momentum
  • ; when the canon fires, the cannonball is moving at a large velocity meaning it has momentum in the forwards direction [as it also has mass].
  • ; the cannon also recoils [moves backwards] so the cannon has momentum in the backwards direction [cancelling out the ball’s momentum]- meaning momentum is conserved, as the total momentum is zero
18
Q

What is elastic deformation ?

A
  • an elastic deformation, is when a material is able to regain its shape, after it has been squashed or stretched
19
Q

What is inelastic deformation ?

Hint: why ?

A
  • inelastic deformation, is when a material is deformed and dosen’t regain its shape after being squashed or stretched because, the forces applied are unbalanced
20
Q

Fill in the gaps: when an elastic object is stretched or compressed, a force is used to __ work

A
  • when an elastic object is stretched or compressed, a force is used to do work
21
Q

When is work done equal to elastic potential energy ?

A
  • when an elastic object is stretched or compressed, elastic potential energy is stored in the object
  • this means if the object is not inelastically deformed, the work done is equal to the elastic potential energy of the object

AQA Physics [Paper 2] (17 decks)

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