Part 2: Medicine in Early Modern Britain

Question 1

who was ambroise pare

Answer 1

French barber surgeon, developed artificial limbs, surgeon in the army, found a way if cauterising limbs in 1536 at the siege of Milan (ran out of hot oil)
he discovered the ointment by chance
he wrote down his ideas in his book ‘les oeuvres’ in 1575

Question 2

how did the government help with small pox

Answer 2

1866 the anti vaxxers league was set up and cases rose (still believed it was punishment from God)
1871 the govt put fines for parents with unvaccinated children
1980 small pox was eradicated

Question 3

how did the government help with the plague and what year was it

Answer 3

1665
people with it were locked in houses
streets were cleaned
1666 quarantine laws were put in place preventing epidemic diseases coming on ships

Question 4

how did davinci help medicine

Answer 4

he studied corpses and drew them accurately to spread knowledge

Question 5

how did Vesalius help

Answer 5

he dissected the bodies of humans and made a map of the inside of the body and understood the jaw bone and proved Galens work wrong
published ‘de humans corporis fabrics’ in 1543, changed attitudes to medicine

Question 6

William Harvey

Answer 6

1578
dissected humans and animals and found circulation of blood
found valves in veins and that blood pumped one way
wrote a book

Question 7

Edward Jenner

Answer 7

created a vaccine for small pox
published a paper in 1797 but needed more proof
1802 got 10,000 from govt for work
1807 got 20,000 from royal college of physicians, showed how effective his work was
1840 cases dropped from vaccination
1853 vaccination compulsory
1866 cases rose
had good long term effect
his work influenced work of koch and erhlich who developed other vaccines

Question 8

Thomas hollier

Answer 8

1658
operated on Thomas Pepys and removed a bladder stone
no improvement in anaesthetic etc
but he survived

Question 9

Alexander Gordon

Answer 9

was a naval surgeon
studied out break of child bed fever (infection of womb led to septicaemia)
realised those treated by wise women and midwifes less likely to catch it
his cure was to wash everything in chlorinated water frequently
published in 1795 but was ridiculed a lot but eventually had an impact

Question 10

John hunter

Answer 10

taught jenner
skilled in dissection
encouraged scientific ideas
published important works (one on pregnancy changes)
however was believed he stoled dead bodies

Question 11

what was quackery

Answer 11

in 17th and 18th century
quacks would sell medicine knowing it didn’t do what it said
stopped in 1800s when medicine regulations came in
had opium in so would dull pain

advertised in national newspapers
had proper packaging
were influential

Question 12

others:
Thomas Coram
Thomas Guy
Jane Sharp
Sir John Floyer

Answer 12

1. 1741 foundling hospital
2. 1724 hospital
3. 1671 midwifery book
4. 1698 asthma treatment

Question 13

Nicholas Culpeper

Answer 13

published complete herbal in 1653
treated people for free
examined urine
wrote in English

Question 14

George Cheyne

James lind

Answer 14

1. 1724 - essay on health and long life

2. 1753- found a cure for scurvy

Question 15

1. what did people think caused the plague
2. what caused the plague
3. how was it prevented
4. how many deaths

Answer 15

1. realised dirt had a connection to the disease, also thought it was from god or movement of planets
2. was spread by air
3. people moved to countryside, authorities got involved, drs wore protective suits, travel restrictions
4. 100,000 deaths in London