part 2 care of elderly Flashcards
aging attempt to explain
why the physical changes of aging occur
Biologic theories
The Theories Of Aging
- Biologic theories
- Psychosocial theories
- Developmental theories
Theories Under Biologic Theories
- The programmed theory/ Biological
clock theory - The run out of program theory
- Gene theory
- Molecular theory
- Cellular theories
- In this theory everyone has a genetic program specifying
an unknown but predetermined number of cell divisions. - As the program plays out, the person experiences
predictable changes such as atrophy of the thymus,
menopause, skin changes and graying of the hair
The programmed theory/ Biological
clock theory
Every person has a limited amount of genetic material that
will run out over time.
* All events are specifically programmed into genome and are
sequentially activated.
* After maturation genes have been activated there are no
more programs to be played
and as cells age there may be chance of inactivation of genes
that cannot be turned on.
The Run Out Of Program Theory
the existence of one or more
harmful genes that activate overtime, resulting in the
typical changes seen with aging and limiting the life
span of the individual
* Organism failure occurs in later life because of the
presence of imperfect genes activated over lengthy
periods of time.
The Gene Theory
The aging is controlled by genetic
materials that are encoded to
predetermine both growth and
decline
Molecular theory
a result of internal or
external assaults that damage cells or organs
so they can no longer function properly
The Error Theory
proposes that
aging result from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
damage caused by exposure to chemicals or
radiation and this damage causes
chromosomal abnormalities that lead to
disease or loss of function later in life.
The Somatic Mutation Theory
propose that aging isa process that occurs because of celldamage.
· When enough cells are damaged, overallfunctioning of the body is decreased
Cellular theories
suggest that chemicals produced by metabolism
accumulate in normal cells and cause damage
to body organs such as the muscles, heart,
nerves and brain
Clinker Theory
- Body is like a machine, which loses function when its
parts wear out. - As people age, their cells, tissues, and organs are
damaged by internal or external stressors
The Wear And Tear Theory
This system is a complicated network of
biochemicals that govern the release of hormones
which are altered by hypothalamus.
THE NEUROENDOCRINE THEORY
Author of THE NEUROENDOCRINE THEORY
Prof Vladimir Dilman and Ward Dean
proposes that aging is a function of
changes in the immune
System
IMMUNOLOGIC THEORY
The power producing organelles.
* Their primary job is to create Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP) and they do so in the various
energy cycles that involve nutrients such as AcetylL-Carnitine, CoQ10 (Idebenone), NADH and some
B vitamins etc.
* Enhancement and protection of the mitochondria
is an essential part of preventing and
slowing aging
THE MITOCHONDRIAL DECLINE THEORY
the age-related changes of the cells ability to
transfer chemicals, heat and electrical
processes that impair it
THE MEMBRANE THEORY OF AGING
aging attempt to explain
changes in behavior, roles and relationship that
occur as individual age.
* This attempt to predict and explain the social
interactions and roles that contribute to
successful adjustment to old age in older adults
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES
ry was developed to explain
why aging process separate from
the mainstream of society.
The Disengagement Theory
states that aging people
withdraw from customary roles and engage in more
introspective, self-focused activities.
Cummings and Henry(1961)
necessary for successful aging.*
Active participation in physical and mental activities helps maintain
functioning well into
old age
The Activity Theory
The continuation of activities performed during middle age is necessary
for successful
aging
(Lemon, Bengston and Peterson, 1972).
analyses of the Kansas City Studies of
Adult Life
Based on Robert Havighurst’s e (1963,
1968)
state that
personality remains the same and the
behaviors become more predictable as people ages.
The continuity theory (Neugarten, 1964)
