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Australian Citizenship Test 2018 > Part 2 - Australia's democratic rights and liberties > Flashcards

Part 2 - Australia's democratic rights and liberties Flashcards

Preparation for the Australian Citizenship Test

1
Q

What is Australia’s system of government?

A

a parliamentary democracy

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2
Q

What characterises a parliamentary democracy?

A

citizens freely choose representatives to govern the country and make laws on their behalf

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3
Q

What democratic beliefs do Australians share?

A
  1. parliamentary democracy
  2. the rule of law
  3. living peacefully
  4. respect for all individuals regardless of background
  5. compassion for those in need
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4
Q

Who has the power in Australia’s government system and why?

A
  1. The power lies with the Australian people.
  2. It is the Australian people who regularly vote for their representatives in parliament. Parliament makes and changes the laws that govern the country.
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5
Q

Why are laws put in place?

A
  1. so that a peaceful and orderly society can be maintained
  2. so that all Australians can be protected and their rights ensured
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6
Q

What is meant by “the rule of law”?

A

all Australians are equal under the law i.e. they must obey the law; nobody is above the law

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7
Q

What are possible consequences for disobeying the law?

A
  1. being arrested
  2. being summoned to court
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8
Q

Change should occur through … (1), never through … (2)

A
  1. discussion, peaceful persuasion and the democratic process
  2. violence
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9
Q

In Australia’s democratic society, everyone is free to follow and share their … (1) as long as they do not … (2)

A
  1. beliefs and traditions
  2. break Australian laws
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10
Q

All Australians are expected to treat each other with dignity and respect, regardless of …

A
  1. race
  2. country of origin
  3. religion
  4. gender
  5. sexual preference
  6. marital status
  7. age
  8. disability
  9. heritage
  10. culture
  11. politics
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11
Q

What is meant by the spirit of ‘mateship’?

A

we help and receive help from each other (especially) in times of need

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12
Q

What is a way in which many individual people and groups help others?

A

through voluntary community work

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13
Q

What are some of the benefits of volunteering?

A
  1. it is an opportunity to share knowledge
  2. it is an opportunity to learn new skills
  3. it can increase one’s sense of belonging to the Australian community
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14
Q

How does the Australian government support people in need?

A

through social security and other services

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15
Q

What freedoms do Australians value?

A
  1. freedom of speech and freedom of expression
  2. freedom of association
  3. freedom of religion and secular government
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16
Q

Who has the freedom of speech and expression?

A
  1. all individual people
  2. media institutions (e.g. newspaper, television, radio)
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17
Q

What rights does the freedom of speech and expression include?

A
  1. to express one’s views about any topic privately or publicly in speech, writing, art, film, music and literature
  2. to meet with others in private or public places for social and political discussion
  3. to criticise the government, peacefully protest against government decisions and campaign to change laws
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18
Q

What are the limits of the freedom of speech and expression?

A
  1. we must not harm others by our speech and expression
  2. we must not make false allegiations or encourage others to break the law
  3. we must not encourage hate or violence against others because of their culture, ethnicity or background
  4. we must not be disrespectful of other people’s freedom of speech and expression
19
Q

What are some of the legal organisations that Australians are free to join or not to join?

A
  1. political parties
  2. trade unions
  3. religious, cultural or social groups
20
Q

What are the conditions under which Australians can legally gather with others to protest agains a government action or an organisation?

A
  1. the protest must be peaceful
  2. people must not be injured and property must not be damaged
21
Q

What is the predominant religious heritage of Australia?

A

the Judaeo-Christian heritage

22
Q

Which public holidays reflect the Judaeo-Christian heritage of Australia?

A
  1. Good Friday
  2. Easter Sunday
  3. Christmas Day
23
Q

What does it mean that the Australian government is secular?

A
  1. there is no official national religion
  2. religious and cultural practices are not above the law
24
Q

Freedom of religion means to be free to …

A
  1. follow any religion that one chooses (as long as its practices do not break Australian law)
  2. not follow any religion
25
Q

What equalities do Australians uphold?

A
  1. equality in Australia
  2. equality of men and women
  3. equality of opportunity
26
Q

What does “equality in Australia” stand for?

A

there are laws in Australia to ensure equal treatment of all people irrespecitve of gender, race, disability or age

27
Q

Men and women in Australia have equal rights, including …

A
  1. personal choices and decisions
  2. access to education and employment
  3. voting, standing for parliament
  4. joining the Australian Defence Force and police
  5. equal treatment in courts of law
28
Q

In order to ensure equality of men and women, Australian law prohibits …

A

any gender-based discrimination, intimidation or violence

29
Q

How does Australian society ensure equality of opportunity?

A
  1. no class distinctions in society
  2. a fair society (i.e. everybody deserves a ‘fair go’)
30
Q

Australians believe that what someone achieves in life should be a result of their … (1), rather than their … (2)

A
  1. hard work and talents
  2. wealth and background
31
Q

What are the responsibilities of an Australian citizen?

A
  1. obey the law
  2. vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum
  3. defend Australia should the need arise
  4. serve on a jury if called to do so.
32
Q

What are the privileges of an Australian citizen?

A
  1. vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum
  2. apply for work in the Australian Public Service or in the Australian Defence Force
  3. seek election to parliament
  4. apply for an Australian passport and re-enter Australia freely
  5. ask for consular assistance from an Australian official while overseas
  6. register children born overseas as Australian citizens by descent.
33
Q

What is a referendum?

A

a vote to change the Australian Constitution

34
Q

What must Australian citizens aged 18 and over do in order to participate in elections?

A

they must register their name and address on the electoral roll

35
Q

A general committment to defend Australia and its way of life is expected of all Australians, even though …

A

service in the Australian Defence Force is voluntary

36
Q

What is the purpose of the Jury service?

A

ensure that the courst system is open and fair

37
Q

Who can be called to serve on a Jury?

A

any Australian who is on the electoral roll (i.e. any Australian aged 18 or over)

38
Q

What is the task of a Jury in court?

A

to listen to the evidence in a court case and decide if a person is guilty or not guilty

39
Q

What are some of the institutions of the Australian Public Service?

A
  1. Centrelink
  2. Medicare
  3. Australian Taxation Office
40
Q

What are some of the kinds of consular assistance that an Australian can receive while overseas?

A
  1. help in emergency situations such as civil unrest or natural disasters
  2. emergency passports
  3. advice and support in case of an accident, serious illness or death
41
Q

What are some possible ways to participate in Australian society?

A
  1. join neighbourhood and local communities
  2. volunteer to do social and community work
  3. join an arts or cultural organisation
  4. actively participate in political life
42
Q

Who needs to pay taxes?

A
  1. individual people who earn money (e.g. from a job, a business or investments)
  2. businesses that make a profit
43
Q

Taxes are collected in order to finance public services in the areas of …

A
  1. health
  2. education
  3. defence
  4. roads and railways
  5. social security
44
Q

Which government institution collects Tax?

A

the Australian Taxation Office (ATO)

Australian Citizenship Test 2018 (6 decks)

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