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Organic chemistry > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

SN1 order of reacitivity

A

3>2>1*>methylation

2 steps mechanism

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2
Q

Solvent for SN1 mechanism

A

Polar protic solvent

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3
Q

SN2 order of reacitivity

A

Methyl>1>2>3*

*(one step mechanism)

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4
Q

Difference between polar protic and polar aprotic

A

Polar protic are capable of H-bonding, polar aprotic are incapable

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5
Q

Classify each solvent as protic/aprotic

A. HOCH2CH2OH
B. CH3CH2OCH2CH3
C. CH3COOCH2CH3

A

A. Protic
B. Aprotic
C. Aprotic

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6
Q

Trend for good leaving group

A

\
\/

Ex.
CH3CH2Cl vs CH3CH2I
CH3CH2I is better LG

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7
Q

Major component of rubbing alcocohol

A

2-propanol

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8
Q

Ethylene glycol is for

A

Anti-freeze

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9
Q

Alkenes are also called

A

Olefins

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10
Q

Degree of unsaturation formula

A

P=(2 + 2C + N -H -X)/2

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11
Q

As the number of double bond _____, MELTING point decreases

A

Increases

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12
Q

Difference between E and Z isomer

A

E isomer - has two higher priority groups on the opposite sides

Z isomer - has two higher priority groups on the same sides

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13
Q

Measures molecular weight of compound and allows prediction of molecular formula

A

Mass spectrometry

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14
Q

This method gives the functional group

A

IR spectroscopy

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15
Q

NMR spectroscopy

A

Provides the electronic environment of a compound and types of proton

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16
Q

Benzene is first isolated by

A

Michael Faraday

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17
Q

Degree of unsaturation of benzene

A

4

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18
Q

Four criteria for aromaticity

A
  1. Cyclic
  2. Planar
  3. Completely conjugated (alternating pi bonds)
  4. Huckels rule
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19
Q

Huckels rule formula

A

4n + 2 = pi electrons

n should be 0, 1, 2 and so forth

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20
Q

Most abundant aldoses

A

D-glucose and D- galactose

21
Q

Most abundant dissacharides

A

Maltose, lactose, sucrose

22
Q

Maltose is formed by

A

2 glucose

Reducing sugar

23
Q

Lactose is formed by

A

Galactose and glucose

Reducing sugar

24
Q

Found in the sugar cane and use as a table sugar

A

Sucrose

25
Q

Sucrose is formed by

A

Glucose and fructose

Non-reducing sugar

26
Q

Three polysaccharide in nature

A

Cellulose, starch, and glycogen

27
Q

Difference of cellulose, starch, glycogen

A

Cellulose-found in cell walls of nearly all plants (subunit:beta glucose)

Starch-main carbohydrate found in seeds and roots

Glycogen-major form of polysaccharide stored in animals

28
Q

Second most abundant carbohydrate polymer

A

Chitin

29
Q

Amino acid with no stereogenic center

A

Glycine

30
Q

Differentiate L-amino acid and D-amino Acid

A

L- amino : naturally occuring

D - amino : rarely found in nature

31
Q

All amino acids except _____ have the S configuration

A

Cysteine

32
Q

Amino acids in protein is joined together by

A

Peptide or amide bond

33
Q

Difference of primary, secondat and tertiary structure of protein

A

Primary - sequence of amino acid
Secondary - alpha helix or beta pleated sheer
Tertiary - 3D shape adopted by the entire peptide chain

34
Q

20% of starch

A

Amylose

35
Q

80% of starch

A

Amylopectin

36
Q

Starch component which has alpha 1-4

A

Amylose

37
Q

Starch component which has alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6

A

Amylopectin

38
Q

Builiding blocks of DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleotides

39
Q

2 categories of lipids

A

Hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable

40
Q

Hydrolyzable lipids (3)

A
  • Waxes
  • triaglycerols
  • phospholipids
41
Q

Non-hydrolyzable lipids

A

-fat soluble vitamins
-eicosanoids
-steriods
-terpenes
FEST

42
Q

Difference of hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable

A

Hydrolyzable-can be cleaved into smaller molecules by hydrolysis with H2O

Non-hydrolyzable - vice versa

43
Q

Polymer plastic (1-7)

A
  1. PET
  2. HDPE
  3. PVC
  4. LDPE
  5. PP
  6. PS
  7. Others
44
Q

Complex network of cross-linked polymers and cannot be remelted from a liquid phase

A

Thermosetting

45
Q

Tautomers

A

Differ in location of double bond and hydrogen

46
Q

What is epimer

A

Diastereoisomers that differ in one stereogenic center only

47
Q

What is an anomer

A

Differ in the hemiacetal OH

48
Q

Difference between covalent bond and ionic bond

A

Covalent bond - bond between two non-metals. Lower BP and MP

Ionic bond - bond between a metal and a non-metal

49
Q

Define Markovnikoff’s rule

A

The hallogens attaches to the carbon that is kore alkyl substituted thus producing a jihjer order alkyl halide

Organic chemistry (4 decks)

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