Part 2 Flashcards
"Era of good feeling"
“Era of good feelings”
Nationalism, optimism, good will
national debates
tariffs, national bank, internal improvements, public land sales, SLAVERY
James Monroe
no organized opposition
Virginian, minister to Britain, Madison secretary of state
Cultural Nationalism
new generation focused on west expansion not European affairs
Economic Nationalism
political movement to support economic growth
tariffs of 1816
before war of 1812- low tariffs
during war- factories had to cover imports not coming from the U.K.
after war- merchants afraid trade with England would take their business
American System- Henry Clay
- protective tariffs - tax imported goods to raise internal revenue
- national bank - new American currency
- internal improvements- promote growth (west)
Panic of 1819 (Economic Depression)
- second banck of America tightened credit to control inflation
- west suffered most, opposition to national bank + land reforms
Political Changes
- John Randolph old party views
- Democratic- Republicans adopted federalists ideas (large army & National bank)
- people reversing their political views
Supreme Court cases
Marshall’s Court
favored central government and property rights
loose constructionists
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
land fraud in Georgia
Concluded states could not pass legislation invalidating a contract
Martin v. Hunter lease (1816)
Supreme court has jurisdiction over state courts for constitutional rights
Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)
contract for private corporation could not be charged by state
McCullough v. Maryland
Maryland tried to tax second bank located in state
concluded state could not tax federal institution
Cohen’s v. Virginia (1821)
supreme court could review state courts decision if involving federal government
Gibbson v. Ogden (1821)
gave federal government broad control of interstate commerce
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Judicial review
western settlements
- nationalism and economic view centers on the west
- acquisition of American Indian lands
- Economic pressures
- improved transportation
-immigration
Westerns argument to have power in congress
- “cheap money” easy credit from state banks
- low prices for land sold by federal gov
- improved transportation
Missouri Compromise
balance for western states as slave or free states
House 105 - 81
senate 11 - 11
new states would make north and south unbalanced
Tallmadge Amendment
no more new slaves in Missouri
emancipated after age of 25 if child
south veto
would have ended slavery in Missouri
Clay’s Proposal
- admit Missouri as a slave-holding state
- admit Maine as a free state
- prohibit slavery in the rest of the north (line divided country)
Nationalism v. Sectionalism
nationalism- loyalty to the union
sectionalism- loyal to on’s own region
Foreign affairs
- more aggressive nationalist approaches to other nations
- american shipping free use of Mediterranean
Canada
- Rush-Bagot Agreement 1817 (limits on boarder)
- treaty of 1818
Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)
Spain gave Florida + Oregon territory to US for $5 million
Monroe Doctrine
- established America separate from Europe and eastern hemisphere
- AMERICAS NO LONGER WILL BE CONSIDERED SUBJECTS FOR FUTURE COLONIZATION BY ANY EUROPEAN POWER
- restoration of monarchies backlash against republican movements
- U.K. and U.S. had common interest in protecting America’s from European powers
British Initiative v. American response
UK- block Spain form America’s while keeping relations
US- Adams believed joint action with UK would restrict expansion
Adams believes on British involvement on Doctrine
- US acted alone the UK would follow policy
- No European power would risk going to war in south america
Nation Ecomony
- Industrial revolution
- political conflicts over tariffs
- internal improvement
New Transportation
Roads
Canals
Steamboats
Railroads
growth of industry - mechanical inventions, corporations for raising
Growth of Industry
capital
factory system
labor
unions
stocks
building machines
banking & insurance
women and children in labor
immigrant replacement workers
state laws out lawing unions
frequent economic depressions
high unemployment
Commercial agriculture
farming became commerical enterprise.
- cheap land
- easy credit
- markets