Part 2

Question 1

Spectrometer placed where in flow when oxygen used?

Answer 1

before oxygen added as air bubbles will disrupt in-line monitoring

Question 2

reduce reaction time in flow

Answer 2

increasing pressure gives higher solvent boiling points and quicker reactions, increasing temp generally increases reaction time, flow also has more efficient heat transfer allowing for faster interception of potentially unstable intermediates

Question 3

non-radiative processes

Answer 3

inter-system crossing, internal conversion

Question 4

radiative processes

Answer 4

fluorescence and phosphorescence

Question 5

consequences of high quantum yield of radiative processes for photoexcitation of O2

Answer 5

low excitation of O2 as these compete with triplet-triplet anhiliation

Question 6

wavelength for photodynamic cancer therapy

Answer 6

UV is damaging, ideally 600-800 nm but longer wavelengths aren’t effective for photoexcitation of O2

Question 7

test reaction for singlet O2 production

Answer 7

a-terpinine to ascaridole

Question 8

test if superoxide is produced in reaction

Answer 8

superoxide is a radical, radical trapping experiments eg with TEMPO

Question 9

Heck

Answer 9

alkyl halide with alkene using Pd(0) and base

Question 10

Stille

Answer 10

alkyl halide with Sn(Me)3-R using Pd(0)

Question 11

Suzuki

Answer 11

R-B(OH)2 with alkyl halide using Pd(0)

Question 12

Sonogashira

Answer 12

alkyl halide and alkyne with Pd(0), CuI and EtNH2

Question 13

conjugated microporous polymers characteristics

Answer 13

3D networks, cross-linked, conjugated throughout

Question 14

CMP design

Answer 14

building blocks must have at least two reactive groups, for 3D structure need cross coupling of building blocks with different geometries

Question 15

disadvantages of CMPs

Answer 15

insoluble therefore exist in solns as dispersion/suspension, need specialist peristaltic pump in flow and solid may block in-line monitoring techniques

Question 16

CMP vs cross-linked polymers

Answer 16

CMP need continuous pi-conjugation throughout but cross-linked polymers don’t and both utilise cross-coupling reactions for their formation

Question 17

merrifield resins

Answer 17

insoluble polymeric support for photocatalysts

Question 18

advantages of Merrifield resins

Answer 18

immobilise photocatalyst in given flow path allowing for easy recovery and less product purification steps

Question 19

formation of merrifield resins

Answer 19

coupling reactions

Question 20

characterising photoelectronic properties

Answer 20

UV vis for which wavelength a photocatalyst absorbs at, fluorescence quantum yield as if too high it’s not a good photocatalyst as this competes with ISC and cyclic voltrametry to measure redox potentials and tell us size of HOMO-LUMO gap

Question 21

requirements for free-radical polymerisation

Answer 21

initiator AIBN, main monomer, bifunctionalised cross linker and molecule with required FG