PART 135 Flashcards
Air operation
An ATO or CTO except a SEIFR operation using;
- an a/c with 9 or less seats excluding any required crew member seats and a MCTOW of 5,700kg or less or;
- a helicopter
ATO
Operation for the carriage of passengers or goods for hire or reward except:
- a trial flight
- an adventure aviation op
- an ag op P137
- heli external sling load P133
- a CTO
CTO
Operation for the carriage of passengers or goods for hire or reward where:
- passengers or goods are carried to or from a remote aerodrome or;
- passengers are performing or training to perform duties or tasks associated with the operation
Crew member grace provisions
If any flight test, check, or assessment is performed within 60 days before the date which it is required it is deemed to have been completed on the date it is due
Passenger training
For a CTO its should be ensured that each passengers receives additional training or briefing in safety and emergency procedures relevant to the operation
Airworthiness certificate
ATO - standard
CTO - standard or restricted (if AFM allows)
Common language
All crew members must be able to communicate in a common language and understand the relevant components of the certificate holders exposition
At least one flight crew member must be able to communicate in English
Flight prep and planning
Appropriate info must be available to the PIC to complete prep for the intended operation
A flight plan must be prepared for each;
1. ATO
2. CTO where pax or goods are carried to or from a remote AD
It may incorporate multiple route segments provided the SARTIME is amended for each aerodrome of intended landing as the flight proceeds
Where communications cannot be maintained the flight plan must include a SARTIME for when communications will be established with ATC (or flight following)
Flight plans are NOT required if;
1. the flight is covered by a flight following service
2. the flight is a VFR flight less than 50Nm from shore
3. the PIC maintains a listening watch on the relevant ATS frequency
Preparation and submission of a flight plan may be conducted by the operator provided the PIC is informed of its contents
Emergency and survival equipment info
All operations in excess of 10Nm from shore must have available information on:
- number colour and type of life rafts carried
- whether pyrotechnics are carried
- type and freq of any portable radio equipment
- medical and water supplies
Fuel policy
A fuel policy must be established by the certificate holder for the purpose of flight planning. It must include;
- taxi fuel
- trip fuel
- reserve fuel (incl contingency, final reserve, alternate if req, additional if req)
- fuel for enroute replanning if applicable
Cockpit check
Each air operation must have a cockpit checklist available for each flight crew member covering all normal and emergency procedures for the op
Each person performing an air op shall establish an appropriate practice for cockpit checks covering the procedures for the operation of the a/c in accordance with the AFM
Passenger safety
Each person performing an air op should ensure that;
- any passenger who appears to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or exhibits behavioural characteristics to the extent to which the safety of the a/c or its occupants are likely to be endangered is refused embarkment or where applicable, removed from the a/c
- escorted passengers (by prior arrangement with the certificate holder) do not constitute a hazard to the a/c or other passengers
- disabled passengers are appropriately cared for including allocation of appropriate seating and assistance in the event of an emergency
Manipulation of controls
No person shall manipulate the controls of an a/c unless;
- a flight crew member or
- an authorised representative of the director who
- has the permission of the PIC and the certificate holder AND
- is performing a required duty
Refuelling and defuelling
An aircraft may be re/defuelled using a class 3.1C or 3.1D flammable liquid while passengers are on board, embarking, or disembarking, with one or more propulsion engines running if;
- the PIC is responsible for every aspect of the fuelling operation
- safety and evacuation procedures are taken in accordance with the certificate holders exposition
Runway requirements
- Runway width must be at least 2 times the outer main wheel span
- Surface must be of sufficiency strength for the q/c being used and without irregularities
- Strip surrounding the runway must be at least 2 1/2 times the wingspan or 30m whichever is greater
Aerodrome not listed in AIP
The operator must maintain a register containing;
- aerodrome data
- procedures for ensuring the condition of the aerodrome and any required equipment (including safety equipment is safe for operation
- any limitations on the use of the aerodrome
Minimum heights
CTO may go below 500ft AGL within a radius of 150m for the proper accomplishment of the operation if the PIC;
- prepares a plan in conjunction with all persons and organisations involved in the operation
- takes reasonable care to conduct the operation without creating hazard to person or property
- briefs all persons and organisations involved in the operation on the plan
This is not withstanding the P91 min height reqs which also state;
- only persons performing an essential function are to be carried
- the a/c is not flown at a height or horizontal distance lower than required
- the a/c remains outside a horizontal radius of at least 150m from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure not involved with the operation
Flights over water
Flights >gliding distance +10Nm must;
- carry life rafts sufficient for every occupant
- wear life jackets (can be carried for multiengine)
Met minima
In conjunction with 91 outside of controlled airspace the ceiling must be 1,000ft agl and vis not less than 5km by day, and 3,000ft agl vis not less than 16km by night
Take off distance
t/o weight not exceeded FM limitations or 5,700kg
TODR is not more than 85% of TORA
(must not use more than 50% HWC or not less than 150% TWC)
Landing distance
AUW must not exceed FM limitations
LDR from 50ft above the threshold is not more than 85% of LDA
(must not use more than 50% HWC or not less than 150% TWC)
Landing on wet or contaminated runways
LDA must be at least 115% of the LDR
LDR must be calc using contaminated/wet data
Multi-engine limitations
must be not more than 90 mins away from an aerodrome which the aircraft could land (using the performance calcs in the AFM) at the expected landing weight
must be capable of maintaining flight at or above MSA to a point 1000ft above an aerodrome
Seatbelts
Each flight crew member seat must have a diagonal shoulder belt or shoulder harness
Night instruments
- landing light
- light for each pax compartment
Maintenance
maintenance review or review of airworthiness must be carried out every 12 months
Pilot-in-command consolidation of operating
experience on type
SE - 5 hours, 5 t/o and ldg
ME - 10 hours, 10 t/o and ldg
Turbojet/fan - 15 hours, 10 t/o and ldg
For single pilot VFR at night;
1. 40 hours on aircraft type (must incl 10 t/o and tag) or
2. for subsequent types of the same category other than the initial type flown single pilot night VFR the initial hours as above
Manoeuvres not authorised while carrying passengers
abnormal, unusual, or emergency procedures must not be performed on an air op carrying pax including but not limited to:
- simulated engine failure where the power is reduced or stopped
- simulated asymmetric flight
- simulated system failure that creates a visual or auditory alert which can be observed by pax
- any other simulated condition which could comprise flight safety
PIC route check and aerodrome proficiency
12 months
Pilot conducting VFR ops procedures, including emergency procedures check
12 months (6 months for IFR)
Pilot written or oral test of knowledge
12 months
Duty time limits and rest ATO
not more than;
35 hours in any 7 consecutive days
100 hours in any 28 consecutive days
300 hours in any 90 consecutive days
duty not longer than 11 hours (extended to 12 to complete disrupted schedules), fly not longer than 8 hours (extended to 8.5 to complete disrupted schedules)
any duty >11 hours or flying >8 hours in a consecutive 24 hour period, rest period minimum 12 hours incl the hours between 12am-6am (if not possible must be extended to up to 24 hours)
any duty >22 hours or flying >16 hours in a consecutive 48 hour period, rest period minimum 24 hours
- at least 24 hour recreational period free of all duties once every 7 days (this begins after the required rest period following a duty)
Duty time limits and rest CTO
not more than 160 hours in any 30 day period
at least 2 days off every 14 day period
at least 2 consecutive days every 30 day period
Maintenance pilots on air operations can carry out
Greasing/lubrication not requiring disassembly
Replacing a/c battery
Replacing fuses/lights
Simple installation of GPS rx/updating of info
Replenishing engine oil
Compressor washing
Installation/removal of seats, doors (if AFM allows)
Some AD inspections
Self testing 406MHz ELT
Routine maintenance intended to be done by the pilot
Documents required to be carried
In addition to 91
- NOTAMs and aeronautical info briefing
- met info
- notification of dangerous goods
- relevant aeronautical charts
What are the ways of determining pax weight?
- A standard weight established by the certificate holder
- Declared weight + 4kg
- Actual weight
What are the ways of determining the weight of goods or baggage?
- The actual weights of the baggage or;
- For CTOs operating from a remote AD where it is not practical to establish the actual weight of the baggage the certificate holder must establish procedures for the PIC to assess the weights
What are the ATO meal requirements?
Any duty >4 hours should have a min 30 min meal break on the ground within the first 5 hours and not less than every 4 hours after that
When may an air op fly above cloud?
Any op may fly above cloud SCT or less
Flight above more than SCT may occur if:
- no pax are carried (SE VFR)
- the a/c and min crew are IFR certified/current
- the instruments and equip for IFR are operative
- sufficient fuel and res are carried to continue to an AD where an IFR apr can be carried out
- radio nav equip is operative to nav to an ad where a IFR apr/ldg can be made
flight crew member
an appropriately qualified person assigned by the operator for a duty in an a/c during flight time as a flight engineer or pilot
crew member
a person carried by the aircraft who is;
- a flight crew member or flight attendent to perform a duty associated with the operation of the flight or duty flight time
- undergoing or giving instruction in control/navigation of the aircraft or as a flight attendant or engineer
- authorised by the director to perform a function associated with the operation of the flight during flight time
- a flight examiner
passenger
any person carried by a a/c other than a crew member
flight attendant
an appropriately trained person who is assigned by the operator to be responsible to the pilot in command for passenger safety on an a/c
