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Social Psychology > Part 1: The Self in the SocialWorld > Flashcards

Part 1: The Self in the SocialWorld Flashcards

1
Q

The belief that others are paying
more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are.

A

spotlight effect

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2
Q

The illusion that our
concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by
others

A

illusion of transparency

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3
Q

we notice how we differ and how others are reacting to our difference

A

Social surroundings affect our self-awareness

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4
Q

When problems arise in a close relationship, we usually blame our
partners instead of ourselves.

A

Self-interest colors our social judgment.

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5
Q

In hopes of making a positive impression, we agonize about our
appearance. We also monitor others’ behavior and expectations and
adjust our behavior accordingly

A

Self-concern motivates our social behavior

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6
Q

In our varied relationships, we have varying selves,

A

Social relationships help define our sense of self.

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7
Q

organizes our thoughts, feelings, and actions and enables us to remember our past, assess our present, and project our future — and thus to behave adaptively.

A

Self

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8
Q

What we know and believe about ourselves.

A

self-concept

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9
Q

a neuron path located in the
cleft between your brain hemispheres just behind your eyes,
seemingly helps stitch together your sense of self.

A

medial prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

specific beliefs by which you define yourself

A

self-schemas

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11
Q

Evaluating one’s opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others.

A

Social comparison

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12
Q

was how sociologist Charles H. Cooley (1902) described our use of how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves.

A

looking-glass self

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13
Q

refined this concept, noting that what matters for our self-concepts is not how others actually see us but the way we imagine they see us.

A

Herbert Mead (1934)

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14
Q

The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

A

Individualism

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15
Q

Constructing one’s identity as an
autonomous self.

A

independent self

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16
Q

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s
identity accordingly

A

collectivism

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17
Q

The idea of one is more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic ones

A

“true self”

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18
Q

acknowledges relationships with others.

A

independent self

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19
Q

more deeply embedded in others.

A

interdependent self

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20
Q

They persist more on tasks when they are failing, people in individualistic countries persist more when succeeding because success elevates self-esteem

A

Japanese

21
Q

individualists like to make comparisons with others that boost their self-esteem

A

Western

22
Q

collectivists make comparisons (often upward, with those doing better) in ways that facilitate self-improvement

A

Asian

23
Q

admonished an ancient Greek oracle. We certainly try. We readily form beliefs about ourselves, and we in Western cultures don’t hesitate to explain why we feel and act as we do

A

Know Thyself

24
Q

One of the most common errors in behavior
prediction is underestimating how long it will take to complete a
task

A

Planning fallacy

25
Q

reveal that people have the greatest difficulty predicting the intensity and the duration of their future emotions

A

affective forecasting

26
Q

Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing
events.

A

Impact bias

27
Q

Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object.

A

dual attitude system

28
Q

unconscious attitudes regarding someone or something
often differ from our consciously controlled, explicit attitudes

A

Implicit

29
Q

Self-reports are often untrustworthy. Errors in self-understanding limit the scientific usefulness of subjective personal reports.

A

psychological inquiry

30
Q

Even if people report and interpret their experiences with complete honesty, that does not mean their reports are true

A

our everyday lives

31
Q

A person overall
self-evaluation or
sense of self-
worth.

A

Self-esteem

32
Q

Most people are extremely motivated
to maintain their self-esteem. college
students prefer a boost to their self-
esteem to

A

eating their favorite food
engaging in their favorite sexual activity
seeing a best friend
receiving a paycheck

33
Q

Proposes that people exhibit
self-protective emotional and
cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their
cultural worldviews and
prejudices) when confronted
with reminders of their
mortality.

A

Terror management
theory

34
Q

High self-esteem becomes
especially problematic if it
crosses over into, or having an
inflated sense of self.

A

Narcissism

35
Q

A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self- esteem, which is one’s sense-worth.

A

Self-Efficacy

36
Q

The tendency to
perceive oneself
favorably.

A

Self-serving bias

37
Q

A form of self-serving bias; the tendency to attribute positive
outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors.

A

Self-serving Attributions

38
Q

Optimism predisposes a
positive approach to life

A

Unrealistic optimism

39
Q

We have a curious tendency to enhance our self-images by overestimating or underestimating how much others think and act as we do

A

FALSE CONSENSUS AND UNIQUENESS

40
Q

we find support for our positions by overestimating how much others agree

A

FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT

41
Q

We serve our self-image by seeing our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual.

A

FALSE UNIQUENESS EFFECT

42
Q

occurs because of errors
in how we process and remember
information about ourselves.

A

Self-serving bias

43
Q

Sometimes people sabotage their
chances for success by creating
impediments that make success less
likely

A

SELF-HANDICAPPING

44
Q

Self-serving bias, false modesty, and self-
handicapping reveal the depthof our concern for self-
image.

A

IMPRESSION
MANAGEMENT

45
Q

The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to one’s ideals.

A

SELF-PRESENTATION

46
Q

Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one’s performance to create the desired impression.

A

SELF-MONITORING

47
Q

The ability to not show feelings or not
do the things that feelings make us
want to do.

A

SELF CONTROL

48
Q

encourages us not to resign ourselves
to bad situations.

A

The truth concerning self-
efficacy

Social Psychology (3 decks)

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