Part 1 - key dates and facts Flashcards
privy council members
- 19 men
- met daily
- secretary of state most important - one she was closest to - trusted advice
JPs
- unpaid nobles that reported to privy council that elizabeth’s policies were followed
illegitimacy
- some catholics didn’t regard elizabeth as queen
- henry viii’s 2nd marriage
debt from henry viii
- £266000
- from mary’s support for her husband’s wars
mary i
- ‘bloody mary’ - catholic leader
- persecuted protestants
- married to philip ii of spain
- imprisoned her sister in tower of london and kept her under house arrest - suspected of rebellion
- religious instability as catholic queen - burned 300 protestants at the stake in 5 years
patronage
- elizabeth granted the nobles titles and monopolies over whole industries
- giving the nobles money, power, influence, conditional on her support helped to ensure that her position of power was stable
how many times did parliament meet in the entirety of elizabeths reign?
- 1558-1602
- only 13 sessions were held to raise taxes
when did elizabeth almost die of smallpox?
- 1562
foreign policy issues
- netherlands - protestant population in conflict with spanish rulers - elizabeth would decide to be involved or not
- catholic countries like spain and france wanted influence over elizabeth and the pope had support in this aim - threat of invasion - very real
ireland problem
- elizabeth considered herself to be queen of Ireland like her predescessors
- 1559 - major revolt
suitors
- robert dudley
- francis duke of alencon - catholic - brother of heirless french king - next in line to the throne
- king philip II of spain
- king eric of sweden
when was essex’s rebellion?
- feb 1601
- 300 supporters
when did essex become privy concillor?
- 1595
- was also awarded monopoly on sweet wine in england
earl of essex sent to defeat an irish rebellion
1598
- made peace with them against q’s orders
- angered that RC was promoted whilst he fought and stormed into q’s bedchambers
- privy council banned him from court and placed him on house arrest and removed his monopoly
when did essex successfully attack the spanish port of cadiz?
1596
what were the consequences of essex’s rebellion?
- essex was put on trial for treason and was sentence to death
- was executed in private on 25th feb 1601
- some of his supporters were also put to death but most were fined
- elizabeth had made it clear, even late in her reign, that she wouldn’t tolerate challenges to her authority
how many times was peter wentworth arrested and what for?
- 3 times
- arguing that MPs should be allowed to speak on any matter they choose
which MP thought monopolies were unfair and what did Elizabeth do?
- 1571 - robert bell
- 1601 - elizabeth made a speech agreeing to make major changes
- didn’t promise much at all
secretaries of state
- william ceciil - given title lord burghley in 1571
- became secretary of state from 1558-1573
- francis walsingham took over
when was the poor law passed?
1601
when did parliament begin to discuss the issue of elizabeth’s marriage publically in court?
1566
when was mary queen of scots accused of murder?
- 1567
- accused of murdering her 2nd husband, lord darnley
who did mary queen of scots allegedly conspire the murder with?
- the earl of bothwell
- married to her
why did mary queen of scots flee to england and abdicate ?
- murder and marriage to earl of bothwell
- scottish nobels rebelled against mary
farthingale
- petticoat with wooden hoops sewn into it
painter
- nicholas hilliard
music
- william byrd
- orlando gibbons
- thomas tallis
literature
- shakespeare
science
- william harvey - discovered that blood flows through the body
why was it not a golden age?
- bear baiting and dog fighting still popular - cruel
- torture and brutal execution
- divided population - big rich poor divide
dudley and the theatre
- 1559 - company- leicester’s men - gave finanical and legal support to actors in london
number of plays by shakespeare
38
shakespeares plays
- supported the monarchy
- great chain of being
- based on themes encouraged by gov.
theatres in 1555
- no theatres
theatres allowed to be built
1567
first purpose-built theatre
- ‘red lion’ - 1567
- whitechapel
white rose
1587
the globe
1599
queen and theatres
- 1583 - company called the queen’s men
- used the popularity of theatre as her propaganda tool
- political messages
- warn of dangers of religious conflict
structure of the theatre
- 3 stories covered area for richer people called galleries - surround pit
- opened roofed for lighting
- yard/pit in front of stage was 1 pence for peasants
- musicians’ gallery - referred to as heavens
- heavens allowed for roped and rigging for dramatic enterances
- upper stage (behind stage) - held lords room in the middle - most expensive room (5 pence)
- cushioned and often used by musicians and actors
censorship of theatre
1572
what fraction of the land did monasteries own?
1/4
womens fashion
- blackened teeth to resemble elizabeth’s
- small hats to show as much dyed, false hair
as possible - white faces from using lead as makeup - status symbol
- silk/velvet/light spanish leather shoes
- ruffs
education in the golden age
- LIMITED EXPANSION - of those who got an education, most were boys
- every town had a grammar school by 1577
