Part 1 GI...I'm doing it in parts...I don't want a deck over 100 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ileus?

A

Loss of normal propulsive function of the bowel in absence of mechanical obstruction
Associated with a variety of conditions

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2
Q

What causes a hernia? What can a hernia cause?

A

Defect in peritoneal wall –> protrusion of serosal lined pouch of peritoneum

External herniation can cause blood flow obstruction

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3
Q

What are bowel adhesions?

A

Fibrous bands of scar tissue b/w bowel segments, the abdominal wall, or operative site –> obstruction and/or internal herniation

Have an underling cause (surgery, infection, injury)
Rarely congenital

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4
Q

What is a volvulus?

A

Complete twisting of a loop of a bowel about its mesenteric base

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5
Q

Where would you most likely see a volvulus?

A

Colon

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6
Q

What causes a volvulus?

A

Developmental anomalies–malrotation

Occurs in children OR adults

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7
Q

What is a intussusception?

A

A constricted segment telescopes into distal segment

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8
Q

What causes intussusception in infants/kids?

A

Underlying anatomic defect

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9
Q

What causes intussusception in older kids/adults?

A

Intraluminal tumor/mass

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10
Q

Where does stenosis commonly occur in the GI tract?

A

Esophagus
Small Bowel
Anus…imperforate anus

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11
Q

What is an omphacele?

A

Incomplete closure of the abdominal musculature…abdominal viscera herniate into a ventral membranous sac

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12
Q

What is gastroschisis?

A

Basically an omphacele but defect involves all layers of the abdominal wall

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13
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

True diverticulum (composed of all 3 layers)

Due to failed involution of the vitelline duct

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14
Q

What are the “rules of 2” for Meckel’s diverticulum?

Not from Nelson…but seemed like a place to put it

A
2% of population
2' from ileocecal valve
2 types of heterotopic tissue (gastric or pancreatic)
2" in length
2yo
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15
Q

Which type of heterotopic tissue causes more problems?

A

Gastric

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16
Q

What are some complications of Meckel’s diverticulum?

A
Ulceration
Perforation
Hemorrhage
Fistula formation to the bladder
Intussusception
17
Q

Where do the ulcers general form due to Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Adjacent ileum

18
Q

What is the typical presentation of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Male
Failure to pass meconium in neonatal period
Obstructive constipation, abdominal distention, and vomiting in older kids

19
Q

What are the pathological anomalies of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Arrested migration of neural crest cells from cecum to rectum; OR
Ganglion cells undergo premature death
Loss of function of tyrosine kinase RET