Liver part three...cancer Flashcards
What is HELLP syndrome?
Something to do with preeclampsia/eclampsia
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets
What is acute fatty liver of pregnancy?
Something to do with preeclampsia/eclampsia
Acute onset of liver dysfunction during pregnancy… can lead to death
What is intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
Something to do with preeclampsia/eclampsia
Estrogenic hormones with biliary secretory defects –> mild increase conjugated bilirubin
What liver abnormalities cay occur int bone marrow transplant patients?
Drug toxicity
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Acute/chronic graft-vs-host disease
What liver abnormalities can occur post liver transplant?
Preservation injury (oxygen radicals)
Anastomotic problems
Acute/chronic rejection
What is hemangioma?
MOST COMMON benign neoplasm of the liver
Discrete red-blue hemorrhagic nodules
What are simple cysts?
Single/small cluster
Rarely associated with polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic liver disease?
Multiple cysts
Often associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Do NOT communicate with biliary system
What is a choledochal cyst? What are some possible complications?
Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct
Biliary obstruction, stones, bile duct carcinoma
What is Caroli’s disease?
Autosomal recessive cause of intrahepatic biliary dilatations that communicate with biliary tree
Associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis
Risk of cholangiocarcinoma
What is Alagille syndrome?
Autosomal dominant cause of absence of bile ducts in portal tracts
What is congenital hepatic fibrosis?
Autosomal recessive non-cirrhotic fibrotic liver disease of kids
What is focal nodular hyperplasia?
Well-demarcated lesion composed of a proliferation of all liver parenchymal elements (central veins, hepatocytes, portal triads)
What is seen with imaging of focal nodular hyperplasia?
Mass with a central fibrous scar of stellate configuration
Angiography shows a distinctive peripheral filling pattern
What is nodular regenerative hyperplasia?
Diffuse non-fibrosing nodular hyperplasia of the liver
What is a complication of nodular regenerative hyperplasia?
May develop portal hypertension
What is hepatic adenoma?
Well-circumscribed benign neoplasm composed of well differentiated hepatocytes
NO portal triads or central veins
Who is most likely to get hepatic adenoma?
Women of reproductive age on oral contraceptives
What is the gross appearance of bile duct hamartoma?
Single…more commonly multiple…small white nodules
Mimics metastatic carcinoma
What is the gross appearance of bile duct adenoma?
Usually solitary proliferation of bile ducts
Mimics metastatic carcinoma
How are metastatic tumors diagnosed?
Obtain microscopic confirmation of lesions felt grossly to be liver metastases
What are the risk factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)?
Hepatotrophic viruses
Cirrhosis
Hepatocarcinogens (toxin of aspergillus flavus)
Metabolic conditions (hereditary tyrosinemia; glycogen storage disease)
What is the gross appearance of HCC?
Solitary mass…or with multiple nodules
Soft and hemorrhagic
Can metastasize to regional lymph nodes, diaphragm, lung, and/or bone
Who gets HCC in the US? China?
US: men over 60yo
China: men at 40yo (high endemic HBV –> malignancy)