Part 1: Components Of Blood

Question 1

What are the functions of water in blood plasma?(2)

Answer 1

Solvent to dissolve other substances
Transport medium-liquid so can flow/move other substances.

Question 2

Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids/glycerol and vitamins are examples of what?

Answer 2

Dissolved nutrients

Question 3

What is the function of glucose in blood plasma?

Answer 3

Makes carbohydrates; energy from respiration

Question 4

State the function of amino acids in blood plasma.

Answer 4

Used by cells to make new proteins.

Question 5

State the function of fatty acids/glycerol in blood plasma.

Answer 5

Used by cells to make new lipids.

Question 6

State the function of vitamins in blood plasma.

Answer 6

Help regulate metabolism inside cells.

Question 7

State the function of oxygen in blood plasma.

Answer 7

Needed by mitochondria for aerobic respiration

Question 8

State the function of carbon dioxide in blood plasma

Answer 8

Waste product from aerobic respiration- needs to be removed from the body by lungs

Question 9

State the function of the urea in blood plasma

Answer 9

Produced in the liver from the nreakdwon of excess proteins- needs to be removed from the body by kidneys.

Question 10

State the function of hormones in blood plasma

Answer 10

Involved in homeostasis (e.g. controlling blood glucose levels); control developments/ changes in the body (e.g. puberty)

Question 11

State the function of dissolved mineral ions in blood plasma

Answer 11

Help control water movement into and out of cells by osmosis; some help regulate metabolism inside cells.

Question 12

State the function of plasma proteins in blood plasma

Answer 12

Needed to help blood clot (called clotting factors); help with reabsorption of fluid from tissues to blood.

Question 13

Where are red blood cells, white blood cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes), and platelets all produced?

Answer 13

The bone marrow

Question 14

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 14

They pick up oxygen from the air in your lungs and carry them to the cells where they are needed.

Question 15

State the equation for haemoglobin and oxygen

Answer 15

Haemoglobin + oxygen –>oxyhaemoglobin –>oxygen + haemoglobin

Question 16

Name the adaptations of a red blood cell

Answer 16

Red blood cells are biconcave discs; being concave on both sides gives them an increased surface area to volume ratio for diffusion.
They have no nucleus, so they can pack in more haemoglobin- so they can bind to more oxygen ( bit this limits their life to 120 days)

Question 17

What is the function of white blood cells (phagocytes)?

Answer 17

Part of the body’s defence system against harmful microorganisms.
Engulf (surround) bacteria and viruses and kill them.

Question 18

What are adaptations of white blood cells (phagocytes)?

Answer 18

Phagocytes form antibodies against microorganisms.

Question 19

What are the functions of white blood cells (lymphocytes)?

Answer 19

Part of the body’s defence system against harmful microorganisms
Form antibodies against microorganisms
Antibodies bind to antifmgen in the surface of foreign cells

Question 20

State adaptations of white blood cells (lymphocytes).

Answer 20

They can live for a long time as memory cells
They can release millions of antibodies
Antibodies are specific to only one type of microbe
The antibody-coated cells are recognised and destroyed by phagocytes.

Question 21

What are the functions of platelets?

Answer 21

Cause the formation of dense mesh that traps red blood cells (also requires proteins called clotting factors)
This forms a clot; the clot dries to form scabs, which have 2 functions: stopping bacteria entering and blood escaping.

Question 22

Name an adaption of platelets.

Answer 22

They are activated by collagen