part 1

Question 1

Deals with the natural world: its processes, elements, and composition.
- Branch of science that deals with the physical world, e.g. physics, chemistry, geology, biology

Answer 1

natural science

Question 2

Branch of science that deals with human behavior in its social and cultural aspects. -Primarily focusses in human society and social relationships.

Answer 2

social science

Question 3

Came from the Latin word “socius” – means companion and Greek word “logos” – means to study. It is a systematic study of human relationship along with human society and interaction.

Answer 3

sociology

Question 4

coined the term sociology in 1838. He focused on the idea of improving the development of the society and how it operates. He also introduced the term Positivism through his book entitled Course on Positive Philosophy (1830– 1842) and System of Positive Polity (1851-1854).

Answer 4

Auguste Comte

Question 5

a German philosopher and economist. He made Communist Manifesto (1848) with Friedrich Engels (1820–1895). The book presents Marx’s theory of society, which different from the point of view Comte.

Answer 5

Karl Marx

Question 6

He defended sociology as a separate and independent field from psychology

Answer 6

Emile Durkheim

Question 7

is another pioneer in the field of sociology. He emphasized the role of rationalization in the development of society.

Answer 7

max weber

Question 8

Areas of Sociology
1. Social Organization 2. Social Psychology
3. Human Ecology 4. Applied Sociology
5. Population Studies 6. Social Change
7. Sociological Theory and Research

Question 9

• It came from a Latin word anthropos – means man and Greek word logos – means to study.
  branch of Social Science that deals with all aspects of human beings including their biological evolution and social and cultural features that definitively distinguish humans from other animal species.

Answer 9

Anthropology

Question 10

is considered the Father of American Anthropology. His works focused on rejecting the biological basis of racism or racial discrimination.
- He also rejected the Western idea of social evolution thus, he favored historical particularism. It assumes that each society has a unique and different form of culture that cannot be incorporated under a predominant culture.

Answer 10

Franz Boas

Question 11

comes from Latin word cultura, means cultivation.

Answer 11

culture

Question 12

“culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom, and all aspects of man as a member of society”

Answer 12

British anthropologist Edward B. Tylor (1832-1917) from his book Primitive Culture (1871)

Question 13

The study of people with their variations and progress in terms of culture. It also deals with the description and analysis of the forms and styles of social life of past and present ages.

Answer 13

cultural anthropology

Question 14

The study of language mainly but not exclusively among humans. It also deals with the study of communication’s origins, history, and contemporary variation.

Answer 14

linguistic anthropology

Question 15

The study of past human cultures through their material remains. It also the study of past human culture through the recovery and analysis of artifacts.

Answer 15

Archaeology

Question 16

The study of humans as biological organisms, including their evolution and contemporary variation.

Answer 16

Biological Anthropology

Question 17

They analyze social, political, and economic problems and develop solutions to respond to present problems.

Answer 17

Applied Anthropology

Question 18

Came from two ancient words. The word political came from Greek word “polis” means city-state and science comes from Latin word “scire” which means to know. concerned primarily in the state, government, and politics. It focuses widely in political theory and its practice and the analysis of political systems and behavior.

Answer 18

Political Science

Question 19

Political science has a complex history.

Question 20

Ancient Greek political philosophy of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle and later developed into religious-oriented tradition beginning with Augustine and secularized by Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.

Question 21

It deals with the accumulation of principles identifying with the basis, structure, conduct, and operations of the state

Answer 21

political theory

Question 22

It pertains to laws or ordinances which control the framework of public governance.

Answer 22

public law

Question 23

It serves as an academic discipline that studies civil service and governance.

Answer 23

public administration

Question 24

It is an aspect of Political Science which are concerned with the relationship of different societal forces that dictate political opportunities and actions.

Answer 24

Political Dynamics

Question 25

It gives importance to the regulatory and governmental function to corporate, or business entities concerning the national economy.

Answer 25

Government and Business

Question 26

The term legislation is a complex mechanism that can be extended as a discipline. It tries to explain the process, composition, and organization of legislature.

Answer 26

Legislatures and Legislation

Question 27

It includes inquiries into the nation-states’ foreign policy in their mutual ties on the various forces-geographic, technological, psychological, and political that contribute to shaping such policy.

Answer 27

International Relations

Question 28

It is a system of agreements and treaties that entails responsibilities of one state into another.

Answer 28

International Law

Question 29

It is a discipline that studies and analyzes the general structure of governments of all countries. It includes (executive, legislative, and judicial bodies, their constitutions, laws, administrative organizations, foreign policies, political parties and processes, economic, social, and political functions, and their cultures and traditions)

Answer 29

comparative government

Question 30

he mentioned that culture or high culture as opposed to popular culture (or folkways in an earlier usage) is a product of a special intellectual or artistic endeavor humans had invented.

Answer 30

Matthew Arnold

Question 31

defined that culture is composed of behavior (explicit and implicit) acquired and transmitted through symbols. It is a human group that includes their distinctive achievements and embodiment in artifacts, traditional and historical ideas, and formation of values. They added that culture systems can be considered as a product of action from conditional elements of a society.

Answer 31

Kroeber & Kluckhohn

Question 32

stated that culture consists of experiences that are organized, learned or created by the individuals of a population, including those images and images adding up their unique interpretations transmitted from the past generations up to the future.

Answer 32

Lastly, Schwartz

Question 33

Culture changes constantly throughout the time. It varies on the societal structure and the capacities of its members to respond.

Answer 33

Dynamic, Flexible, &
Adaptive

Question 34

Culture through its elements is enjoyed by group of people who lived together. It also allows its members to predict the behavior of other members but it is no assurance that they will think and act similarly.

Answer 34

Shared & Contested

Question 35

Culture is learned with practice through continued process. It is a lifelong process in which social interaction plays a vital role.

Answer 35

Learned through socialization or enculturation

Question 36

Culture creates patterned behavior and social interactions that can be transmitted through socialization and enculturation.

Answer 36

patterned social interactions

Question 37

Culture to be always functioning must maintain its components integrated. Language must have all its idea and ideals intact for the successful transmission from one person to another.

Answer 37

Integrated and at times unstable

Question 38

Socialization is a process of learning and internalizing rules and patterns of society (Sociological Perspective) while enculturation is a process oflearing and adopting ways and manners of culture.
(Anthropological Perspective)

Answer 38

Transmitted through socialization/enculturation

Question 39

Culture will be successfully transmitted if it uses language and
other forms of communicaton witnin their context

Answer 39

Requires language and other forms of
COMMUNICaTION

Question 40

types of culture

Answer 40

material and non-material culture