part 1 Flashcards
when was the reign of queen victoria?
- 1837-1901
- during her ruling britain was one of the richest and most powerful nations on earth
- the british royal was spread all over europe through the marriages of Victorias children
- “Grandmother of Europe”
What were Britains issues?
- Britain was a divided nation.
- Benjamin Disraeli a politician claimed that the lives led by the rich and poor were very different
- About 3% were very rich 25% were relatively wealthy and the rest were working class.
- There was no state sick pay, pensions or unemployment benefit. The injured and sick paid for their own medical care if they could afford it
population of britain in 1914?
41million
Britain: size of army in 1914
710,000
Britain: battleships
122
Britain: submarines
64
Britain: airforce
110 fighter and bomber planes
6 airships
Britain: number of colonies
56
Britain: populatoin of colonies
400 million
Britain: size of colonies
27 million square metres
Britain: coal production per year
300 million tonnes
Britain: steel production each year
11 million tonnes
what was France like in the early 1800s?
- France was under the rule of napoleon
- it was one of the strongest and most feared military powers in the whole of Europe
What happened to the french in the 1870s?
- the french were defeated by the German forces in the franco-prussian war
- Germany took two areas of land from France and took the rich coal, steel and glass production regions of Alasace and Lorraine
- many french people wanted revenge for what the germans did
What was science technology and culture like?
- it was the best in the world
- Paris was the centre of the world fashion industry
- some of the most famous writers, painters and musicians lived in france
- French food was viewed as the finest in the world
- France led the world in the development of cinemas, aeroplanes, motorcars and motorcycles
How was France ruled?
- France didnt have a royal family, it was republic, a nation ruled by by an elected president with the help of elected politicians.
- the army generals also had lots of political power.
what was the french empire like?
- it was the second largest
- Frances empire was mainly in west and north Africaand in south east asia.
France: Population (ALL STATS ARE IN 1914)
41 million
France: size of army
1,250,000
France:battleships
46
France: sumbarines
73
France: airforce
132 fighter and bomber planes
France: number of colonies
29
France: population of colonies
58 million
France: size of colonies
11 million square kilometres
France: coal production per year
40 million tonnes
France: steel production each year
5 million tonnes
russia: population
159 million
russia: size of army
1,200,000
russia: battleships
26
russia: submarines
29
russia: airforce
360 fighter and bomber planes, 16 airships
russia: number of colonies
0
russia: size of colonies
0
russia: population of colonies
0
russia: coal production per year
36 million tonnes
russia: steel production each year
4 million tonnes
Russia before the war
- very ethnically mixed
- it was a very split nation of both great wealth and extreme poverty
- in 1894 tsar nicholas II took power, he believed that he was chose by god
- nicky appointed family members and friends to important positions most of them werent qualified to do the job or were corrupt
what were russias issues?
- there was extreme poverty and the living conditions in the countryside were horrible
- a poor harvest could mean death for thousands of people
- there was little concern for the workers health and safety
- trade unions were illegal in russia so industrial workers found it difficult to improve their conditions
germany: population of germany
65 million
germany: size of army
2,200,000
germany: battleship
85
germany: sumbarines
23
germany: airforce
246 fighter and bomber planes, 11 airships
germany:number of colonies
10
germany: population of colonies
15 million
germany: size of colonies
2.5 million square kilometres
germany before the war
- in 1870 there was no country called germany it was just a bunch of small states linked together
- Prussia was bigger than the others and the king of prussia wanted to join all the other states together
germany: coal production per year
277 million tonnes
germany: steel production each year
14 million tonnes
AH: population
50 million
AH: size of army
810,000
AH: battleships
24
AH: sumbarines
6
AH: airforce
35 fighter and bomber planes
1 airship
AH: number of colonies
0
AH: population of colonies
0
AH: size of colonies
0
AH: coal production per year
47 million tonnes
AH: steel production per year
5 million tonnes
AH before the war
- the union between austria and hungary took place in 1867
- AH had many different ethnic groups and nationalities each with its own languages
- the two largest ethnic groups were germans and hungarians but there were also czech, slovaks, serbians, bosnians, croats, poles and many others
ruling AH
- AH had different elected parliaments based in vienna (austrian) and budapest (hungarian)
- Politcal authority was held by the emperor franz josef, he was a well liked emperor but the government officials werent so popular
AH’s issues
- the emperor was popular but the people he people he put in control of the varios regions were generally hated
- there were regular riots and about the new laws put in place by the government
- there were conflicts between ethnic groups
why did the kaiser visit morroco?
- in 1905 he visited Tangia because he wanted to challenge frances ambitions.
- He wanted to see how far france could be pushed and to test the entente cordiale
- he wanted to show that germany intended to be fully involved in world affairs
How did the French respond to Germany in morroco?
1905
-it looked like war between germany and france was near but it never happened and a conference was held to settle this
what was the outcome of the conference at the algeciras in 1906?
- it was massively humiliating for germany because AH was the only country to back germany
- France had control over the morrocan police even though they arent part of the french empire
- Britain backed france as well as russia which made the alliance stronger.
what happened in morroco in 1911? (4 points)
-in 1911 there was a rebellion against the new sultan that broke out in fez, the capital city
-the sultan asked the grench for help adn the french government sent 20,000 soldiers to fight the rebels
-the german kaiser accused france of invading morroco and sent a warship named panther to the port of agadir
as a show of strength
-the british were worried about the arrival of the warship because it looked like germany were trying to create a naval base in agadir and the british were prepared for war
the results of the 1911 morrocan crisis
- germany was humiliated
- many german people supported the kaiser and hsi action when the kaiser spoke of war they supported him too
- britain was now convinced that german was a threat to euproean peace
- britain and france grew closer
- italy didnt support germany which weakened the triple alliance
what was the solution of the crisis in morroco 1911?
- a series of meetings between britch french and german politicians were held
- britain and france stood firm against germany and the kaiser decided to back down
- other countired such as italy also opposed germany
- france took control fo morroco and germany was given some land in central africa as compensation
