Parotid Region Flashcards
Describe the path of the Parotid duct.
Runs anteriorly from the parotid gland, inferior to the zygomatic arch, and superior to the masseter.
Turns deep at the anterior border of the buccal fat pad, and pierces the buccinator muscle.
It empties into the oral vestibule at the second upper molar tooth.
GSA to the Parotid capsule is MIXED. Describe it.
Upper Parotid capsule is via Auriculotemporal Nerve (V3)
Lower Parotid Capsule is via Greater Auricular Nerve from the CERVICAL PLEXUS (C2-C3)
Parasympathetic innervation (GVE) to the Parotid gland comes from….?
The Lesser Petrosal nerve (part of CN IX Glossopharyngeal)
Before it becomes the Lesser Petrosal Nerve, it is called the _________. Where does it become the LPN?
Tympanic nerve (carries GSA fibers to middle ear)
Becomes LPN at when it enters the MCF at the Hiatus of the LPN.
Describe the path of the Lesser Petrosal Nerve
Arise in brainstem nuclei of IX (Glossopharyngeal) and exit the skull via the Jugular foramen.
The parasympathetic fibers join up with GSA fibers to form the Tympanic Nerve, which runs through the tympanic canaliculus to the Middle Ear.
GSA fibers exit and supply GSA to the middle ear and auditory tube, and the reganglionic parasympathetic fibers continue to the MCF.
Emerges in the MCF as the Lesser Petrosal nerve (thru the hiatus) and runs to F. Ovale.
Right under foramen ovale is the Otic ganglion associated with V3 (Mandibular). Synapse with postganglionics here, and the postganglionics hitchhike on V3 Auriculotemporal to get to the Parotid gland.
Cutaneous innervation of the face is supplied by what nerves, coming out of what foramina?
Supraorbital nerve (V1)
Infraorbital Nerve (V2)
Mental Nerve (V3)
Foramina of same names
What relationship do you look for with the facial artery?
It runs deep to the zygomaticus major muscle.
What relationship do you look for with the Hypoglossal Nerve?
Occipital Artery, Hyoglossus muscle.
How do the internal and external carotid arteries anastomose?
On the face via the Facial artery of the External Carotid and branches of the OPTHALMIC artery that come through the supraorbital foramen!
Opthalmic artery is a branch of the ____________.
Internal Carotid
You get bit in the face by a zombie and get infected in your danger zone. Where will the zombie virus spread?
Superficial veins of the face (facial, opthalmic, angular) communicate with deeper plexuses in the head. (Cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus)
Infection can spread to the brain this way.
Tumors of the Parotid gland are typically (benign/malignant) and involve the (deep/superficial) part of the gland.
benign, superficial part.
What is the danger of a malignant parotid tumor?
Invasion of the facial nerve itself.
If you injure your facial nerve, what happens?
Bells Palsy - face droops, paralysis to muscles of facial expression.
How do you fix Bell’s Palsy?
No known cure.
