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G&P paper 2 > Parliament > Flashcards

Parliament Flashcards

Structure, Role and Function, Legislative process, Backbenchers, opposition

1
Q

What are the functions of Parliament

A

Legislation, Scrutiny, Debate and Representation

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2
Q

What is a Frontbencher

A

An MP or member of the Lords who holds a ministerial or shadow ministerial position

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3
Q

What is a Backbencher

A

An MP or member of the HoL who does not hold a ministerial or shadow ministerial position

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4
Q

How many MPs are there and how are they elected

A
  1. FPTP in constituencies based on population
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5
Q

What is Parliamentary Privilege

A

Legal immunity. MPs can say whatever they want in Parliament

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6
Q

What are the roles of the Whips

A

Appointed MPs who ensure that MPs attend parliamentary divisions, issuing instructions on how to vote. They enforce discipline within the parliamentary party. Rebellious MPs may be expelled from the party by having the whip withdrawn.

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7
Q

What is the role of the Speaker

A

-Temporarily suspend MPs
-Select MPs to speak and maintain order
-Remain impartial, giving up their party affiliation

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8
Q

What is a Hereditary vs Life Peer

A

Inheriting the title vs being appointed during their lifetime

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9
Q

Who else is in the HoL

A

Lords Spiritual: bishops and archbishops

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10
Q

How many hereditary peers had there been before the Lords Reform Act 1999

A

Over 750

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11
Q

An example of representative Life Peers

A

John Bird: former homeless man, founder of Big Issue

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12
Q

Parliament Act 1949

A

HoL can only delay a bill for one year, after which the Commons can pass the bill unchanged

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13
Q

Examples of use for the Parliament Act of 1949

A

2000: Sexual Offences Act which leveled the age of consent for homosexual couples
2004: Hunting Act which prohibited the use of dogs for hunting

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14
Q

What is Party Balance

A

Cross party support in the HoL

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15
Q

What is an Act of Parliament

A

A law passed by Parliament

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16
Q

What is a bill

A

A proposal for a new law, or change to an existing law

17
Q

What is a Green Paper

A

A government document setting out various options for legislation and inviting comment

18
Q

What is a Public Bill

A

A bill concerning a general issue of public policy, introduced by a government minister

19
Q

What is a White Paper

A

A government document setting out a detailed proposal for legislation

20
Q

What is the first stage of the Legislative process

A

First reading: formal presentation of the bill on the floor of the house. No debate or vote at this stage

21
Q

What is the second stage of the Legislative process

A

Second reading: main debate on the principle of the bill. Gov minister explains and justifies the objective of the bill. Shadow minister and backbenchers contribute to the debate. Gov defeats at this stage are incredibly rare

22
Q

What is the third stage of the Legislative process

A

Committee stage: Bills sent to a public bill committee (one made for every bill, dissolved after this stage). Detailed scrutiny takes place. Amendments tabled by the government. May take evidence from external experts.
-Finance bills and bills of constitutional significance are scrutinised on the floor of the Commons in a Committee of the Whole House

23
Q

What is the fourth stage of the Legislative process

A

Report stage: Amendments are considered by the whole HoC, who can accept, reject or alter them

24
Q

What is the fifth stage of the Legislative process

A

Third reading: Debate on the amended bill. No further amendments are permitted

25
Q

What is the sixth stage of the Legislative process

A

HoL stages: repeat these stages in the HoL. Amendments made in the Lords can be agreed with, rejected or amended by the Commons. (Parliamentary Ping-Pong)

26
Q

Parliamentary Ping Pong examples

A

Prevention of Terrorism Bill 2005. Over 30 hours, the bill was considered 5 times by the Lords and 4 times by the Commons
The bill:Allowed the Sec of State to place people he suspected of terrorism under house arrest, restrict their access to mobile telephones and the internet and required that visitors be named in advance
Eventually compromised, agreeing to review the legislation in a year

G&P paper 2 (5 decks)

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