Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders (Exam V) Flashcards
What symptom is the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease?
- Tremor at rest (rhythmic movement around a joint)
What is Chorea?
- Muscle jerking in various areas
What is ballismus?
- Violent abnormal movements
What is essential tremor?
What is this indicative of?
- Tremor occurring with movement
- Not Parkinson’s, brain lesion, EtOH, etc.
What is Athetosis?
Is this indicative of Parkinson’s disease?
- Slow, writhing movement
- Not typical of Parkinson’s
What is dystonia?
- Abnormal posture w/ no movement.
What are Tics?
- Single, repetitive movements (especially facial)
What is choreathetosis?
- Combination of jerking & flowing movements of both chorea & athetosis (dystonia can be present as well)
What are possible causes of choreathetosis?
- Trauma
- Chore Gravidarum
- Tumors
- Cerebral Palsy
- Huntington’s
- Kernicterus (↑ bilirubin)
- Ataxia Telangectasia
What collection of neurons regulates motor activities?
- Basal Ganglia/Nuclei
Communication from the motor cortex to the thalamus goes through the _____ ______.
Basal Ganglia
What specific area of the basal ganglia is damaged in Parkinson’s Disease?
- Pars Compacta (in Substantia Nigra)
What is the normal pathway of motor movement?
- Dopamine release from Pars Compacta
- Striatum activated
- Direct pathway with GABA & Sub P
- GABA & Sub P inhibit basal ganglia
- Basal Ganglia → GABA inhibits Thalamus
How does Parkinson’s disease differ from the normal pathway of motor movement?
- No Dopamine from Pars Compacta
- Dopamine-Striatum pathway bypassed
- Alternate pathway with glutamate activates basal ganglia.
What is TRAP in relation to Parkinson’s Disease?
- Tremor
- Rigidity
- Akinesia
- Posture
Does coginitive decline occur with Parkinson’s disease?
Yes, eventually.
What environmental factors protect against Parkinson’s Disease?
- Cigarettes
- Coffee
- Anti-inflammatories
- Uric Acid
What environmental factors increase risk of developing Parkinson’s disease?
- Lead & Manganese exposure
- Vitamin D deficiency
What genetic component is often present in Parkinson’s patients?
What percentage of Parkinson’s patients have this?
- SNCA - α-Synuclein
- 10-15%
Do Parkinson’s tremors start all over the body?
No, they usually start on one side.
What is Akinesia?
- Loss or impairment in power of voluntary movement.
What drug is given as firstline treatment for Parkinson’s?
Why this drug?
- Levo-dopa (dopamine precursor)
- Able to cross BBB unlike dopamine
What are Lewy Bodies?
What diseases have these present?
- Misfolded proteins
- Mad-Cow, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Multiple System Atrophy