Parkinson's Disease

Question 1

Parkinson Disease

Answer 1

• 2nd leading neurodegenerative disease
• cause is unknown
• no prevention/cure
• characterized by slow tremor
• disruption of nerve cells in the brain

Question 2

PD in males

Answer 2

dominant symptom: ridged slow movement, faster progression

Question 3

PD in females

Answer 3

two years later, tremor first, stages aren’t as severe

Question 4

Bradykinesia

Answer 4

slowing of initiation and execution of movement

Question 5

Rigidity

Answer 5

increased muscle tone, involuntary muscle contractions

Question 6

Resting Tremors

Answer 6

HANDS (mostly), arms, legs, jaw, face, “pill rolling”

Question 7

Impaired Postural Reflexes

Answer 7

late response, loss of imbalance coordination

Question 8

Early Sings PD

Answer 8

loss of sense of smell, mood disorders, REM sleep disorders, orthostatic hypotension, change in handwriting (gets smaller), change in speech (rapid)

Question 9

Cognitive Changes

Answer 9

slowing of mental function, confusion, memory loss, dementia

Question 10

Sleep Abnormalities

Answer 10

daytime sleepiness, insomnia

Question 11

Emotional Changes

Answer 11

depression

Question 12

Stage 1

Answer 12

PD symptoms affect only one side of the body

Question 13

Stage 2

Answer 13

symptoms effect both sides of the body, but balance is still intact

Question 14

Stage 3

Answer 14

PD symptoms are mild/moderate, balance is impaired BUT person can still function independently

Question 15

Stage 4

Answer 15

people are severely disabled but can still walk and stand without assisstance

Question 16

Stage 5

Answer 16

wheelchair bound or bedridden, unless someone is helping them

Question 17

Classic PD Patient

Answer 17

stooped posture, masked faces, drooping (difficultly swallowing), shuffling gait, frozen in place, difficultly controlling posture

Question 18

Dysphagia

Answer 18

difficulty swallowing

Question 19

Diagnosing…

Answer 19

2/4 classic characteristics must be met (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, impaired postural reflexes)

Question 20

Levodopa/Carbidopa

Answer 20

increases dopamine effect
-carbidopa inhibits an enzyme that breaks down levodopa before it reaches the brain, carbidopa keeps it localized to the brain and doesn’t let it go to systemic system

Question 21

Monoamine Oxidase

Answer 21

preserves existing dopamine, modest in preventing smyptoms

Question 22

Catechol-O-Methyl Tranferase Inhibitors

Answer 22

preserves and prolongs the effects of Levodopa

Question 23

Anticholinergics

Answer 23

decreases activity of acetylcholine (excitability), decreases tremors, rigidity), helps with muscle stiffness

Question 24

Antihistamines

Answer 24

decreases activity of acetylcholine, decreases tremors

Question 25

Dyskinesias

Answer 25

stiffness, muscle contractions

Question 26

Surgical Therapy

Answer 26

thalamotomy, pallidotomy, deep brain stimulation

Question 27

Thalamotomy

Answer 27

remove part of the thalamus

Question 28

Pallidotomy

Answer 28

removal of globis pallitus

Question 29

Important: Nutrition

Answer 29

make sure they have enough time to eat, decrease frustration