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3MB Neurology > Parkinson's Disease > Flashcards

Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

Neurodegenerative disease that arises due to dopaminergic neurone loss in the brain

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2
Q

Which part of the brain does dopaminergic loss occur in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Substantia nigra pars compacta

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3
Q

Is Parkinson’s disease typically a cerebellar, pyramidal tract or extra-pyramidal tract problem?

A

Extra-pyramidal

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4
Q

List the triad of the “Parkinsonian syndrome”

A

Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Resting tremor

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5
Q

List clinical motor features of Parkinson’s disease

A

Resting tremor
Muscle rigidity +/- cogwheeling
Bradykinesia
Gait (small shuffling steps)
Postural impairment (hunched over)

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6
Q

Tremor-dependent Parkinson’s disease carries better prognosis than tremor-independent Parkinson’s disease. True/False?

A

True

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7
Q

List clinical non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease

A

Olfactory dysfunction
Cognitive impairment
Psychiatric symptoms
Sleep problems
Pain and fatigue

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8
Q

Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease occurs with the onset of motor symptoms. True/False?

A

True

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9
Q

What is the pathological name given to the mis-folded protein aggregates that accumulate in the brain to cause Parkinson’s disease?

A

Lewy bodies and neurites

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10
Q

Parkinson’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. True/False?

A

False
2nd most common after Alzheimer’s disease

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11
Q

Which gene mutations are the most common causes of dominant and recessive Parkinson’s disease respectfully?

A

LRRK2 (dominant)
parkin (recessive)

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12
Q

There are no neuroprotective/disease-modifying drugs for Parkinson’s disease. True/False?

A

True

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13
Q

Symptomatic treatment for Parkinson’s disease aims to increase dopamine concn or stimulate dopamine receptors. List some drugs that can be used

A

Levodopa
Selegelline- Dopamine agonist
Tolcapone

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14
Q

Which agents can be useful for tremor in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Clozapine (antipsychotic drug)
Anticholinergics

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15
Q

List side effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists

A

Nausea
Daytime sleepiness
Oedema
Impulse control disorders
Hallucinations

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16
Q

Levodopa is associated with dyskinesia and motor fluctuations in the long-term. True/False?

A

True

17
Q

What is Lewy body dementia (LBD)?

A

Neurodegenerative disease associated with abnormal deposits of protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain

18
Q

What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)?

A

A group of neuro-degenerative diseases caused by prions (mis-shaped proteins).

19
Q

What is the presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)?

A

Rapidly progressive dementia, psychiatric impairment, and myoclonus.

20
Q

What is Myoclonus?

A

Quick, involuntary muscle jerk

3MB Neurology (17 decks)

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