Movement Disorders Flashcards
What is a tremor?
Involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movement of a body part
Resting tremors are minimal/absent during activity. True/False?
True
Action tremors incorporate which tremors and are always below what frequency?
Always below 13Hz
Postural, kinetic or intention tremors
Which tremor is associated with Parkinson’s disease?
Resting tremor
Intention tremors occur during voluntary movement and can be signs of which brain region dysfunction?
Cerebellar disorder
Give examples of causes of physiological tremors
Stress
Anxiety
Stimulants
Postural changes
A cerebellar tremor usually occurs unilaterally. True/False?
True
Which tremor is more associated with family history - resting or essential/postural?
Essential/postural tremor
What is dystonia?
Involuntary sustained muscle contraction in a body part leading to abnormal posture
Can lead to twisting, intermittent spasms and repetitive movement
Dystonias can be generalised or focal/segmental. What is the main treatment for each?
Generalised dystonia: anticholinergics (procyclidine)
Focal/segmental: botox injection
List some diseases associated with secondary dystonias
Wilson’s disease
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson’s disease
Cerebral palsy
What is chorea?
Non-rhythmic jerky purposeless movement, akin to fidgetiness, usually generalised but may be confined
List inherited causes of choreas
Huntington disease
Wilson’s disease
Which drugs can provide symptomatic relief for choreas?
Tetrabenazine
Dopamine blockers
What are tics?
Non-rhythmic rapid movements that provide relief after doing them
