Parkinson's Disease Flashcards
What disease is classified as a chronic, progressive, insidious, neurodegenerative disease?
Parkinson’s Disease.
What is the pathology of Parkinson’s Disease?
Not enough dopamine.
What is the relation of dopamine to acetylcholine in PD?
Not enough Dopamine. Normal balance of Acetylcholine.
4 cardinal features of PD?
- Tremor
- Muscle rigidity
- Bradykinesia
- Postural Instability (later)
Difference between PD tremors and essential tremors.
PD tremors are “rest tremors” or, pill-rolling, when the pt. is not engaged in activity. Essential tremors occur w/ movement.
PD tremor initial presentation.
Unilateral
Define muscle rigidity.
Increased resistance to PROM (jerky quality).
Muscle rigidity initial presentation.
Unilateral
What is the major cause of disability in pts. w/ PD?
Bradykinesia
Define bradykinesia.
Generalized slowness in movement.
How do pts. describe bradykinesia?
“Weakness, incoordination, and tiredness”
Why are tremors the least debilitating of PD cardinal symptoms?
B/c they improve with purposeful activity.
What happens in patients w/ postural instability?
They lose their balance. FALL RISK.
Non-motor/ neuropsychiatric manifestations in PD?
Cognitive disfunction & dementia. Psychoses & hallucinations Mood disorders Olfactory dysfunction Sleep disturbances Autonomic dysfunction Pain/sensory disorders
What is the physical appearance of a patient with PD?
Flat affect Tilting forward Soft, slow, monotonous speech. Dysarthria (slurred speech) Tremors Shuffling gait