Cerebral Vascular Accident Flashcards
Other names for a “Stroke”
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)
Brain Attack
Name the subtypes of “ischemic strokes”
& Subtypes of “hemorrhagic strokes”
Ischemic Stroke-Thrombotic and Embolic
Hemorrhagic Stroke-Aneurysm, Hypertension and Arteriovenous malformation
Most common type of stroke?
Thrombotic stroke-It’s commonly associated with atherosclerosis
Where is the usual source of the embolic stroke?
The heart
Most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?
HTN
Explain how long before the signs and symptoms begin with Thrombotic, Embolic and Hemorrhagic strokes
Thrombotic-Usually evolve over minutes to hours
Embolic- Sudden development and rapid occurrence of neurologic deficits
Hemorrhagic-Sudden onset; progression over minutes to hours
What’s the second most common type of stroke?
Embolic stroke
True or False: A poorer prognosis is seen with hemorrhagic strokes
True
Modifiable risk factors for Stroke:
Hypertension Heart disease Diabetes Smoking Obesity Sleep apnea Metabolic syndrome Alcohol/drug abuse Poor diet Lack of physical exercise
Fill in the blank: A TIA (Transient ischemic attack) is to ______ as angina is to MI (myocardium infarction)
stroke
Define TIA:
A transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by ischemia, w/ no acute infarction of the brain
▪ Symptoms usually last < 1 hour
Can one predict the outcome of a TIA?
There is no way to predict outcome:
▪ 1/3 = do not have another event
▪ 1/3 = have more TIAs
▪ 1/3 = progress to stroke
Motor function impairments of a Stroke: Clinical Manifestations (Cues)
-Motor function impairs: ▪ Mobility ▪ Respiratory function ▪ Swallowing/speech ▪ Gag reflex ▪ Self-care abilities -Akinesia (loss of voluntary movement) -Changes in muscle tone (initial flaccidity – followed by spasticity) -Altered reflexes (changes from hyporeflexia to hyperreflexia)
Communication impairs of a Stroke: Clinical Manifestations (Cues)
-Communication:
▪ Aphasia:
▪ Receptive (loss of comprehension)
▪ Expressive (inability to produce language)
▪ Global (total inability to communicate)
-“Dysphasia” (impaired ability to communicate; used interchangeably with aphasia)
-Dysarthria:
▪ Garbled speech
Visual, emotional and elimination impairs of a Stroke: Clinical Manifestations (Cues)
-Affect:
▪ Hard time controlling their emotions (exaggerated or unpredictable)
-Intellectual Function:
▪ Impair memory & judgment
-Spatial-Perceptual Problems:
▪ Homonymous hemianopsia (blindness occurs in same half of visual fields of eye)
▪ May not recognize their body parts
▪ Agnosia (Loss of the ability to identify objects using one or more senses)
▪ Apraxia (The inability to perform learned (familiar) movements on command, even though the command is familiar & there is willingness to perform the movement)
-Elimination:
▪ Bowel & bladder alterations are usually temporary
Define Homonymous Hemianopsia:
Blindness occurs in same half of visual fields of eye. They may not recognize all of their body parts or surroundings
Define agnosia
Loss of the ability to identify objects using one or more senses
Define apraxia
The inability to perform learned (familiar) movements on command, even though the command is familiar & there is willingness to perform the movement
Interprofessional Care for Stroke
Health Promotion:
▪ Management of modifiable risk factors ▪ Healthy diet ▪ Weight control ▪ Regular exercise ▪ No smoking ▪ Limiting alcohol consumption ▪ BP management ▪ Routine health assessments
Preventive Drug Therapy for Stroke:
▪ Measures to prevent development of a thrombus or
embolus is used in patients at risk for stroke
▪ Antiplatelet drugs are used in patients who have had a TIA
▪ Aspirin, 81 mg/day is most often used antiplatelet agent