Parkinson's

Question 1

Cardinal symptoms of PD: resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity etc.

Answer 1

Fahn 2003

Question 2

Dopaminergic loss within the substantia nigra along with development and build up of levy bodies

Answer 2

Dickson 2009

Question 3

Decreased neurostriatal input leads to an increase of inhibitory output from global pallidus, repressing the initiation of movements

Answer 3

Rodriguez-Oroz et al. 2009

Question 4

Loss of smell predates substantia nigra pathology - might start in olfactory bulb

Answer 4

Tolosa et al. 2006

Question 5

Intravenous MPTP users are can induce a Parkinson’s state - MPPP

Answer 5

Langston et al. 1983

Question 6

Meta-analysis - pesticides double Parkinson’s risk

Answer 6

Priyadarshi et al. 2000

Question 7

Mutations in LRRK2 on chromosome 12

Answer 7

Zimprich et al. 2004

Question 8

Parkin mutation - nearly 50% of early onset Parkinson’s is caused by this

Answer 8

Lücking et al. 2000

Question 9

Gaucher’s disease - lipid storage disorder, poor response to levodopa

Answer 9

Bembi et al. 2003

Question 10

Levodopa - 50-80% experience side effects - global pallidus is over inhibited, so motor cortex is underinhibited dyskinesia. DA agonists and supplement with levodopa

Answer 10

Rascol et al. 2000

Question 11

DBS electrodes placed in midbrain, provides an electrical charge, inhibiting effect

Answer 11

Olanow et al. 2000

Question 12

Stem-cell - can restrore striatal DA levels in animals

Answer 12

Piccini et al. 1999

Question 13

High prevalence of dementia in Parkinson’s - Lewy bodies share same cellular pathways

Answer 13

McKeith et al. 2000

Question 14

Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s - 10-25% are reclassified

Answer 14

Queen square brain bank