Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NM PT 2 > Parkinson's > Flashcards

Parkinson's Flashcards

1
Q

which pathway facilitates movement?

A

direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which pathway inhibit movement?

A

indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 2 medications for parkinson

A

levo dopa and carbidopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why do you typically use levo dopa and carbidopa togeher?

A

prevent l dopa conversion prior to entering the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does dopamine medication help with in parkinsons

A

bradykinesia/rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is parkinsons meds not as effective for

A

trempr and postural instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

side effects of parkinsons meds

A

DA receptors lose responsiveness
involuntary movements (dyskinesia)
On off phenomenon (on becomes shorter and shorter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a precursor of dopamine (meds)

A

L dopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

combination of levodopa and carbidopa(meds)

A

sinemet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

important dosage insrtuction

A

30 mins before bed
not right before bed
consistent timing is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common medication side effects

A

orthostatic hypotension
dyskinesia
confusion/memory loss
hallucinations (scary things)
HA, agitation, psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hallmarks of PD

A

resting tremor
akinesia
rigidity
postural instability
TRAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is usually the first sign of PD

A

tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is cogwheel / lead pipe rigidity?

A

cogwheel : rigidity over tremor
lead pipe–all aspects of movement are difficult (both directions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bradykinesia testing

A

rapid alternating movements (finger tapping, open close fist, pronation supination, toe typing)
BIG fast movements

look for: change in speed and amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Observation/testing for tremor

A

resting – hands
postural tremor – shoulders flexed at 90 elbows straight / fingers wide
Kinetic Tremor:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rigidity testing

A

passive wrist circles, elbow flexion/extension
LE support knee flexion/ext or ankle circles

technique to activation maneuver (if meds are working or subtle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gait and balance defecit tests

A

sit to stand
pull test (brisk pull back to see how recover)

gait: symmetry, reduced heel strike/foot clearance. turns, arm swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

common gait issues

A

increased knee flexion in stance
decreased hip and knee flexion early swing, decreased hip and knee ext in late swing
decreased clearance and pushoff
goot contact w entire foot
decreased trunk and pelvic rotation, armswing asymmetry
decreased stride length/walking speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ROM and strength deficits in PD

A

STIFF: decreased trunk ext w thoracic kyphosis, trunk rotation, hip and knee extension

gradual weakening - atrophy of T2 fibers, hypertrophy in T1
weak ankle mm and quads…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

non motor features of PD (6)

A

psych, cognitive disorders, sleep abnormalities, autonomic dysfunction (constipation, ortho hypotension!!!!!!), sensory–olfactory, misc (fatigue weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SLP issues with PD (3)

A

motor speech–coordination and weakness (forming words/quiet)
Cognition–repeat phrases, minimize distractions
Dysphagia– swallowing/timing with breathing and swallowing, positioning food in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MSK changes in PD

A

BOS
everything flexed!
forward head, trunk,m rounded shoulders, kyphosis, down gaze,
short hip flexors/knee flexors, elbow flexors
strength–hip ext/PF…trunk ext
dec trunk pelvic rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cardio pulm function in PD

A

Ortho Hypotension!
reconditioning

Flexed posture: restricted lung function due to decreased chest expansion (PNEUMONIA!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

4 measures of severity PD

A

Hoehn and Yahr stages of PD
UPDRS (rating scale)
MDS-UPDRS (movement disorder…rating scale)
PDQ-8 PDQ-39 (participation level)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which stage of Hoehn & Yahr

tremor in one hand
rigidity
clumsy leg
one side face affected impacting expression

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which stage of Hoehn & Yahr
loss of facial expression in BOTH SIDES
decreased blinking
speech abnormalities
rigidity of trunk mm

A

2

28
Q

Which stage of Hoehn & Yahr

BALANCE COMPROMISED
inability to make rapid automatiuc and involunatry adj

A

3

29
Q

Which stage of Hoehn & Yahr
may be able to walk and stand but noticibly impacted
unable to live independently

A

4

30
Q

Which stage of Hoehn & Yahr
pt fall when standing or turning
might be bedbound
freeze or stumble with walking
hallucinations/delusions

A

5

31
Q

Typical Course of PD

A
32
Q

UPDRS 5 parts

A
  1. mentation/behavior mood
  2. ADLS
  3. Motor examination
  4. Complications of therapy
  5. hoehn and yahr staging
  6. schwab and england ADL scale\

higher score = worse

33
Q

outcome measures that recommended for PD
Body structure and function–

A

MDS UPDRS revision part 3
MDS UPDRS part 1
montreal cognitive assessment

34
Q

outcome measures that recommended for PD
activity

A

6MWT, 10MWT, BESTest, MDS-UPRDS part 2, FGA, 5TSTS, 9 hole peg test

35
Q

outcome measures that recommended for PD
participation

A

PDQ-8 or PDQ-39

36
Q

outcome measures that recommended for PD
fear of falling

A

ABC scale

37
Q

outcome measures that recommended for PD
dual task

A

timed up and go

38
Q

BESTest looked at/assesses…

A

anticipatory/reactive balance, sensory organization, dynamic gait, times up and go cognitive

39
Q

FOGQ has ___items to assess FOG severity, ___ items to assess gait. it is a ___point scale

A

4, 2, 5

40
Q

If a patient has FOG, what could be a reason/what should we consider?

A

they may not have enough meds

41
Q

10 areas of treatment for PD

A

aerobic, resistance, balance, flexibility, external cueing, community based ex, gait training, task specific, behavior change, integrated care, telehealth

42
Q

what intesity should aerobic exercise be for PD?

A

mod to high

43
Q

benefits of aerobic ex in PD

A

improve O2 consumption
reduce motor disease severity
improve functional outcomes
MOST IMPORTANT

reduction in tremor/bradykinesia, balance/gait, QOL

44
Q

benefits of resistance training in PD

A

reduce severity
improve strength and powr
non-motor symptoms (anxiety/depression)
funcitonal outcomes/QOL (GAIT SPEED, MOBILITY, BALANCE, REDUCE FALLS)

45
Q

Recommendations for resistance training

A

progressive resistance + instability (unstable environments)

46
Q

CPG Mild-mod PD aerobic exercise dosage

A

3-5 days
mod intensity 60-70 HRmax
high int 75-85 HRmax
RPE: mod = 13/20 high = 15/20

30-40 progressing to 60 mins
start progression with duration or frequency – intensity as tolerable

type: bike/TM

47
Q

resistance training dosage
freq, time, intensity, set/reps, type

A

freq - 2 non consecutive days
time - 30-60 mins ber session (4-12 hrs month)
intensity - as tolerated with good form

strength -
beginner: 40-60 1 RM, 1 set 20-30 reps progress to 2 sets of 15
experienced: 80% (3 x 12 to m fatigue)

POWER
beginner 20-30 1RM
Experienced 40 1 RM

ALL muscle groups, EXTENSOR mm (trunk/glutes)

48
Q

Strong recommendations for balance

A

multimodal balance
balance w dynamic gait on TM (mod to vigorous)
Balance w tech
balance vs resistance training (balance better for post control/balance outcomes/spatiotemportal gait impairments
aquatics: (may improve FEAR of falling not balance outcomes)

49
Q

CPG gait training recommendations (interventions/dosage)

A

TM with/without BW support, robo assist/overground

3-5d/wk 20-60 min 4-12 wks

50
Q

Benefits of gait training CPG

A

reduced motor severity
step length
walking speed
falls and FOF
fatigue

51
Q

Moderate evidence CPG

A

external cueing

52
Q

benefits of external cueing

A

reduce severity of motor disease
FOG
Gait and functional mobility (TOG/dual task TUG)

20 mins 1 hour 2-5x/wk 3-8 wks

53
Q

weak recommended

A
  • flexibility exercise
54
Q
  • flexibility exercise CPG benefits
A

spinal flexibility, axial rotation, (not studies - extremity)

55
Q
  • flexibility exercise recommendations
A

general stretching/flexibility

incorporate into warm up (dynamic) and cool down )static) or first thing in the morning

all major muscle groups but particularly trunk rotation

56
Q

Community based exercise dosage

A

1 hr
2x week
12-13 wks

57
Q

community based exercise benefits

A

depression anxiety and cognition
function – TUG, turning, 3D motion analysis

58
Q

task specific training examples

A

turning training, fall prevention (caregiver ed, movement stragtegies, external cuing, strength training)

dual task training

59
Q

what type of PD treatment caused a lower requirement of med dosage in pts over time

A

integrated care

60
Q

benefits of integrated care (STRONG EVIDENCE)

A

reduced motor sx, non motor improvements, functional outcomes, QOL

61
Q

benefits of behavior change approach (mod evidence)

A

(health behavior theories, goal setting, action plans)

QOL, PA, walking capacity

62
Q

WEAK evidence: Telehealth
improved activities:
may be better suited for…

A

balance and participation

no cognitive impairments and low fall risk

63
Q

Early stages of treatment should include:

A
  • est. a baseline of function
  • design exercise program (strength/aerobic/balance/stretch)
  • maximize fitness and mobility
    guidance for community resources
64
Q

moderate stages of treatment should include:

A
  • modify exercises to maintain high level of intensity
  • focus to improve balance and prevent falls
  • problem solve mobility difficultiwes (bed, chair, freezing)
  • introduce strategies such as listening to music to make movement faster
65
Q

later stages of treatment should include:

A

introduce and help obtain equipment

NM PT 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions