Parkinson's Flashcards
what is parkinsons?
progressive, degenerative disorder of basal ganglia function
what is the basal ganglia?
coordinates smooth, coordinated movements
substantia nigra produces dopamine
what cells produce dopamine and where are they located
substantia nigra
located in basal ganglia
primary parkinsonism
idiopathic
genetic or sporatic
secondary parkinsonism
acquired from infection, intoxication, trauma or drug induced
risk factors for Parkinson’s disease
peaks at age 70 men more than women genetics anxiety/depression head trauma hysterectomy
what is a protective factor for Parkinson’s disease?
coffee consumption
what is dopamine
inhibitory neurotransmitter
function=message transmission
controls movements and balance
helps muscles work smoothly, controllably, and without unwanted movement.
acetylcholine (ACh)
excitatory neurotransmitter
works with dopamine
balance is crucial
works best in balance with dopamine
pathogenesis of both forms of parkinsons
imbalance
to much ACh not enough dopamine
causing loss of coordinated movements
primary parkinsons pathogenesis
destruction of substantia nigra in basal ganglia, dopamine decreases, imbalance of dopamine and ACh, relative excess of ACh, Loss of controlled movement and balance
clinical manifestations of parkinsons
bradykinesia cogwheel rigidity resting tremor shuffling gate mask like expressions postural instability gradual onset and progression may involve one side of body at first
classic triad of parkinsons disease
tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia
first signs of parkinsons
tremor hand writing effected more prominent at rest aggravated by stress or concentration pill roll
parkinsons tremor
dopamine deficiency
tremor occurs with rest and improves with movement
