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Neuro > Parkinson > Flashcards

Parkinson Flashcards

1
Q

What are features of Parkinsons?

A

tremor, muscular rigidity, akinesia, rest tremor, and gait and postural impairment.

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2
Q

What are the 2 sub-types of Parkinsons?

A

Tremor dominant

non-tremor dominant

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3
Q

What are non-motor features of Parkinsons?

A 
Olfactory dysfunction
Cognitive Impairment
Psychiatric symptoms
Sleep disorders
Autonomic dysfunction
pain and fatigue
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4
Q

What are pyramidal disorders?

A

Pyramidal weakness

Spasticity

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5
Q

What are Hyperkinetic disorders?

A 
Dystonia
Tics
myoclonus
Chorea
Tremor
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6
Q

What are Hypokinetic disorders?

A

Parkinonism

Parkinson’s Disease

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7
Q

What brain changes are seen in Parkinson’s?

A

Sections reveal loss of the normally dark pigment in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus

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8
Q

What does the brainstem pigment loss correlate to?

A

Dopaminergic cell loss

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9
Q

What is a neurohistological hallmark of Parkinson’s?

A

Lewy bodies

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10
Q

What drugs are good for Parkinson’s symptom control?

A

Dopamine Agonist
Levodopa
monoamine oxydase type B inhibitors
Amantadine

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11
Q

What drugs can be effective fir tremor?

A

Anticholinergics
Trihexyphenidyl
Clozapine

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12
Q

What is a good treatment for bradykinesia?

A

Dopaminergic drugs

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13
Q

What is used to treat late stage dementia in Parkinson’s?

A

Rivastigmine

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14
Q

What do surgical treatments target?

A

Subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus

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15
Q

What is bradykinesia?

A

Slowness of movement with progressive loss of amplitude or speed

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16
Q

What is Hypomimia?

A

Decreased facial expession and eye blinking

17
Q

What is Micrographia?

A

Progressively smaller handwriting

18
Q

What test can be +ve in parkinson’s?

A

Froment’s maneuver (Ragidity increases in examined body segment by voluntary movement if other body parts)

19
Q

What is Festination?

A

Very fast succession of steps and difficulties stopping

20
Q

What are two dopamine function tests?

A 
PET with floura-dopa
Dopamine Transporter (DAT) imaging with single-photon emission CT (DAT-SPECT)
21
Q

Positive Levodopa challenge is also know as the what?

A

s.c. apomorphine challenge

22
Q

What is Fragile X-tremor ataxia syndrome? (FXTAS)

A

Neuordegenerative disorder with an abnormal number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene in the premature range (55-200)

23
Q

What is seen on MMR of FXTAS?

A

T2 hyperintensities in the middle cerebral peduncle (MCP sign)

24
Q

What will children with FXTAS probably have?

A

Classical Fragile X syndrome

Neuro (19 decks)

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