Parkinson Flashcards
What are features of Parkinsons?
tremor, muscular rigidity, akinesia, rest tremor, and gait and postural impairment.
What are the 2 sub-types of Parkinsons?
Tremor dominant
non-tremor dominant
What are non-motor features of Parkinsons?
Olfactory dysfunction Cognitive Impairment Psychiatric symptoms Sleep disorders Autonomic dysfunction pain and fatigue
What are pyramidal disorders?
Pyramidal weakness
Spasticity
What are Hyperkinetic disorders?
Dystonia Tics myoclonus Chorea Tremor
What are Hypokinetic disorders?
Parkinonism
Parkinson’s Disease
What brain changes are seen in Parkinson’s?
Sections reveal loss of the normally dark pigment in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus
What does the brainstem pigment loss correlate to?
Dopaminergic cell loss
What is a neurohistological hallmark of Parkinson’s?
Lewy bodies
What drugs are good for Parkinson’s symptom control?
Dopamine Agonist
Levodopa
monoamine oxydase type B inhibitors
Amantadine
What drugs can be effective fir tremor?
Anticholinergics
Trihexyphenidyl
Clozapine
What is a good treatment for bradykinesia?
Dopaminergic drugs
What is used to treat late stage dementia in Parkinson’s?
Rivastigmine
What do surgical treatments target?
Subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus
What is bradykinesia?
Slowness of movement with progressive loss of amplitude or speed
What is Hypomimia?
Decreased facial expession and eye blinking
What is Micrographia?
Progressively smaller handwriting
What test can be +ve in parkinson’s?
Froment’s maneuver (Ragidity increases in examined body segment by voluntary movement if other body parts)
What is Festination?
Very fast succession of steps and difficulties stopping
What are two dopamine function tests?
PET with floura-dopa Dopamine Transporter (DAT) imaging with single-photon emission CT (DAT-SPECT)
Positive Levodopa challenge is also know as the what?
s.c. apomorphine challenge
What is Fragile X-tremor ataxia syndrome? (FXTAS)
Neuordegenerative disorder with an abnormal number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene in the premature range (55-200)
What is seen on MMR of FXTAS?
T2 hyperintensities in the middle cerebral peduncle (MCP sign)
What will children with FXTAS probably have?
Classical Fragile X syndrome
