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Neuro > Neuromuscular > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Flashcards

1
Q

What pathway makes a muscle contract?

A

Motor neurone –> neuromuscular junctionv–> muscle

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2
Q

What innervates skeletal muscle fibres?

A

Motor neurons whose cell bodies arise in the ventral horn of the spinal cord

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3
Q

What are the synapses that are formed between motor neurons and muscles called?

A

Motor end plate

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4
Q

How many neurons does a muscle cell respond to?

A

Just 1

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5
Q

What occurs at the motor end plate?

A

Depolarisation

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6
Q

What is Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?

A

Antibodies to presynaptic calcium channels leads to less vesicle release .
Strong assoc. with underlying small cell carcinoma

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7
Q

What is Botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum
Cleave presynaptic proteins involved in vesicle formation and block vesicle docking with the presynaptic membrane. Rapid onset weakness without sensory loss.

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8
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Autoimmune
Antibodies to ACH receptors
Muscle weakness

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9
Q

What do 75% of patients with Myasthenia Gravis also have?

A

A thymus problem such as hyperplasia or thymoma

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor - Pyridostigmine

Thymectomy

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11
Q

What are treatments for acute Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Immunomodulating
Steroids / azathiprine
Plasma exchange or immunoglobulin in emergency

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12
Q

What surrounds skeletal muscle?

A

Thin layer of Endomysium

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13
Q

What are the fasicles encapsulated by?

A

Perimmysium

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14
Q

What helps form an individual muscle?

A

Large number of fascicles ensheathed in epimysium

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15
Q

Describe skeletal muscle?

A

Fibres are the stonest contractile unit

Long, cylindrical containing nucleii, mitochondria and sacromeres

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16
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A 
Cells not striated
Single central nucleus
Gap junctions between cells
No sacromeres
More actin than myosin
17
Q

How many muscle fibre types are there?

A

3

18
Q

Describe muscle fibre type 1?

A

Slow oxidative, dense capillary network, myoglobin, resist fatigued

19
Q

Describe type IIa muscle fibre?

A

Fast oxidative, aerobic metabolism

20
Q

Describe type IIb muscle fibre?

A

Fast glycolytic, easily fatigued

21
Q

What are fasciculations?

A

Visible, fast, fine spontaneous twitch
Occur when muscle becomes hyperexcitable
Issue with the MOTOR NEURON

22
Q

What is Myotonia?

A

Failure of muscle to relax after use

Problem wit Chloride channel

23
Q

What are symptoms/signs of muscle disease?

A

Myalgia
Muscle weakness
Wasting
Hyporeflexia

Neuro (19 decks)

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