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Anatomy Week 10 BT > Parker SG > Flashcards

Parker SG Flashcards

1
Q

What plane lies at the level of the L1-L2 vertebra?

A

Transpyloric

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2
Q

What vertebral level corresponds to the transumbilical plane?

A

L3-L4

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3
Q

Name all of the retroperitoneal structures.

A 
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal Glands (R/L)
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (except 1st part)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending, descending only)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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4
Q

What ribs protect the spleen?

A

Left ribs 9-11

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5
Q

What are the contents of the lienorenal ligament?

A
  1. Pancreas and Distal Splenic Vessels
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6
Q

What vertebral level marks the beginning of the celiac trunk?

A

L1

NOTE: this is just ABOVE the transpyloric plane

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7
Q

What three branches arise from the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric
Common Hepatic
Splenic aa.

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8
Q

What artery of the celiac trunk supplies the fundus of the stomach, explain the branching?

A
  • Short gastric a. supplies the fundus
  • Branching:
    Celiac trunk –> Splenic a. –> Short gastric
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9
Q

T or F: the distal branches of the splenic a. are in lienorenal ligament with the tail of the pancreas

A

True

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10
Q

What artery is posterior to the first part of the duodenum?

A

Gastroduodenal a.

Susceptable to posterior duodenal ulcers

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11
Q

T or F: the common hepatic artery is in the hepatoduodenal ligament.

A

False, the proper hepatic is part of the hepatoduodenal ligament

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12
Q

What is the relationship between the R and L gastoepiploic aa?

A
  • Anastomose with each other in the gastrocolic ligament of the greater omentum
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13
Q

What fetal remnant is located in the inferior free border of the falciform ligament?

A

Ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)

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14
Q

what ligament would you cut in order to cut the portal triad?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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15
Q

The hepatoduodenal ligament brings the portal triad to what part of the liver?

A

Porta Hepatis

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16
Q

What two veins come together to form the hepatic portal vein and where does this happen?

A

Splenic v. and SMV

  • INFERIOR TO THE NECK OF THE PANCREAS
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17
Q

Describe the branching of the bile system from the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas to the duodenum.

A
  • R and L hepatic form common hepatic, these combine with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to create the common bile duct, the common bile duct is intersected by the MAIN pancreatic duct to make the AMPULLA before it enters the second part of the duodenum
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18
Q

What is the point of entry into the duodenum of the common bile duct called?

A

Duodenal Papilla

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19
Q

What structures mark the functional division between R and L parts of the liver?

A

The IVC and Gallbladder

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20
Q

T or F: the neck of the gallbladder is in the transpyloric plane.

A

False, the FUNDUS of the gallbladder is in the transpyloric plane

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21
Q

What 4 things does the gallbladder come into contact with?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Duodenum
  3. Transverse Colon
  4. Diaphragm (anterior abdominal wall)
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22
Q

You are stabbed at the transpyloric plane at the midline, is your duodenum at risk?

A
  • NO, the duodenum lies one inch to the RIGHT of the midline at start and ends one inch to the LEFT of the midline
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23
Q

A perforated duodenal ulcer and the posterior side is most likely to injure what artery?

A

Gastroduodenal a.

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24
Q

T or F: the 3rd part of the duodenum is in the transpyloric plane

A

False, the 1st part of the duodenum is in the transpyloric plane and the 4th part is pretty close to being in it as well

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25
Q

What part of the duodenum receives the ampulla?

A

2nd pt. at the duodenal papilla

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26
Q

What bridges the 4th part of the duodenum to the diaphragm?

A
  • Suspensory muscle of the diaphragm from RIGHT CRUS of diaphragm
  • Happens at the duodenojejunal junction
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27
Q

What structures are located in the “nutcracker” and what makes the “nutcracker?”

A
  • Left renal artery
  • 3rd part of the duodenum
  • Uncinate process of pancreas
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28
Q

What parts of the duodenum are in contact with the pancreas?

A

1st, 2nd, and 3rd parts

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29
Q

What part of the pancreas is in the transpyloric plane?

A

Neck

30
Q

Describe the relationship of the pancreas to the SMA

A

Neck - is anterior to the SMA

Uncinate - posterior to the SMA

31
Q

What is the relationship of the pancreas to the Portal v.?

A

the PORTAL VEIN forms from the splenic v. and SMV POSTERIOR to the NECK of the pancreas

  • THIS OCCURS IN THE TRANSPYLORIC PLANE
32
Q

What parts of the GI tract make up the foregut and what is its arterial supply?

A
  • Mouth to papilla in the 2nd pt of the duodenum

- Celiac Trunk

33
Q

What parts of the GI tract make up the midgut and what is its arterial supply?

A
  • papilla of 2nd part of the duodenum almost to the splenic flexure
  • SMA
34
Q

What parts of the GI tract make up the hindgut and what is the arterial supply?

A
  • Splenic flexure to anus

- IMA

35
Q

What makes up the proximal 2/5 of the small intestines?

A

Jejunum

- so the ileum is the longest part

36
Q

What anatomical features help to differentiate the jejunum from the other parts of the SI?

A
  • More absorptive, Thicker walls
  • translucent mesentery (less fat) and larger windows
  • only two tiers of arteries (arcades)
37
Q

What is the longest part of the small intestines?

A
  • Ileum (distal 3/5)
38
Q

What anatomical features help to differentiate the ileum from other parts of the SI?

A
  • Thinner, less absorptive walls
  • Mesentery is more fatty
  • more extensive arterial arcades
39
Q

Where does the large intestine begin?

A

At the cecum

40
Q

What parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?

A

Transverse and Sigmoid

41
Q

Is there collateral circulation to the large intestine, if so what is it?

A
  • Yes

- This is provided by the marginal a.

42
Q

What are 3 distinguishing features of the large intestine?

A
  1. Tenia coli (large longitudinal bands of muscle)
  2. Haustra (“pouches”)
  3. Appendices epipcolae (little appendages of fat)
43
Q

Where is McBurney’s point and what does it approximate?

A
  • 1/3 of the way up on a line drawn from ASIS to the Umbilicus
  • Marks the ileocecal junction
44
Q

Why is McBurney’s point clinically important?

A
  • it becomes tender in appendicitis
45
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the R and L common illiac arteries?

A

L4

46
Q

Where is the inferior vena cava formed and by what?

A
  • L5, by the R and L common iliac veins
47
Q

Where does the thoracic duct begin?

A

at the cisterna chyli

48
Q

What part of the kidney is located in the transpyloric plane?

A

Hila of both kidneys

49
Q

How does drainage of the gonadal v. and suprarenal v. differ on the R and L?

A

On the Right:
Drain to the IVC

On the Left:
Drain to the Left Renal V.

50
Q

T or F: the Left renal vein is in the nutcracker formed by the SMA.

A

True

51
Q

What posterior structure does the L. Renal vien get pressed against in the nutcracker?

A

Aorta

52
Q

What is the order of the structures entering the hilum of the kidney?

A

Ventral —> Dorsal

  1. Vein
  2. Artery
  3. Ureter
53
Q

What is the flow of urine through the structures of the kidney?

A
  1. Medullary Pyramid
  2. Minor Calyx
  3. Major Calyzx
  4. Renal Pelvis
  5. Ureter
54
Q

What structure do the kidney’s come into contact with medially?

A

psoas major

55
Q

What muscle lies posterior to the kidney?

A

quadratus lumborum

56
Q

What gives arterial blood supply to the suprarenal glands?

A
  1. Superior Suprarenal a. => Inferior Phenic a.
  2. Middle Suprarenal a. => aorta
  3. Inferior suprarenal a. => renal a.
57
Q

What take the venous return from the suprarenal glands?

A

Right:
IVC

Left:
Left Renal v.

58
Q

What forms the median arcuate ligament?

A
  • R and L crura from the diaphragm attach to the lumbar vertebral bodies
  • This creates the aortic hiatus
59
Q

What does the right crus of the diaphragm do?

A
  • Forms esophageal hiatus (extends from left side of esophagus to right side of aorta)
  • Forms Suspensory ligament (extends over right side of the diaphragm to attach to duo-jej junction)
60
Q

What passes under the median arcuate ligament?

A

Aorta

Thoracic duct

61
Q

What structures does the medial arcuate ligament span?

A
  • L2 body

- L1 transverse process

62
Q

What passes posterior to the medial arcuate ligament?

A
  • Psoas major
63
Q

What structures does the lateral arcuate artery span?

A
  • L1 transverse process

- Rib 12

64
Q

What passes posterior to lateral arcuate ligament?

A

quadratus lumborum

65
Q

What are some major structures in the transpyloric plane (L1/L2)?

A
  • 1st part of duodenum
  • pylorus of stomach
  • origin of SMA
  • fundus of gallbladder
  • neck of pancreas
  • formation of portal v.
  • hilum of right and left kidey
66
Q

What nerve rides on top of psoas major?

A

Genitofemoral n.

67
Q

What does the genital portion of the genitofemoral n. innervate?

A

cremaster muscle

68
Q

What nerve is deep to psoas major?

A

obturator n.

69
Q

What nerve is deep and lateral to psoas major and obturator n.?

A

Femoral n.

70
Q

What nerve “Splits the iliacus”?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous n.

Anatomy Week 10 BT (6 decks)

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