Parenting and development

Question 1

What are the 3 dimensions of parenting (Diana Baumrid)?

Answer 1

• Acceptance and involvement (warm)
• Control
• Autonomy (encourage self-reliance)

Question 2

What is meant by authoritative parenting style?

Answer 2

• High level of warmth and achievement demands
• Firm control (through communication)
• Appropriate autonomy granting

–> competent, self-reliant, cooperative child (more likely to succeed in school)

Question 3

What is authoritarian parenting style?

Answer 3

• Low acceptance and involvement (cold)
• High on control and demands (expectancies without explanations)
• Low on authority granting (make decisions for child)

–> anxious/angry child with low independence and social skills

Question 4

Permissive parenting style

Answer 4

• High on acceptance (warm)
• Low on control (few demands)
• High on authority granting but not appropriate (before child is ready)

–> Aimless, immature low independence child (more likely to be involved with problem behaviour and perform bad in school, but may have good social skills and self-esteem)

Question 5

Uninvolved parenting style

Answer 5

• Low control (few demands)
• Low acceptance (detached from child)
• high authority but not appropriate

–> low levels of cognitive and social competence

Question 6

What are the limitations of research on parenting styles?

Answer 6

• Culturally biased
• Confusion of casualty: role of Temperament - bidirectional
• Focus on nurture, how about nature (genes)?

Question 7

What is found on whether family environment matters?

Answer 7

Bouchard on twins reared appart:
Genetic influence on personality: 40%
non-shared environment influence: 36%
shared environment: 7% (!!)

–> shared environment (ie parenting) plays very small part (maybe peers involvement is important)

Question 8

What is the consequence of paternal involvement?

Answer 8

Higher cognitive competence, internal locus of control, more empathy, less gender-role stereotyping