Parenting Flashcards
what are the two kinds of theories behind parenting and what do they mean?
- Dimensional = identifies several distinction dimensions to parenting
- Categorical = identifies several overall parenting styles.
What is Baumrind’s theory?
Two dimensions are orthogonal (independent of each other).
Parental responsiveness = the parent’s approach to parent-child interactions”
High = accepting, supportive, sensitive, and warm.
Parental demandingness = parental discipline and control of the child:
High = consistent & demanding children’s maturity
What is dependable parenting?
- Both demanding and responsive
- Strict, consistent and loving
- Pragmatic, adjust their expectations based on child’s needs
- Prepare child to face challenges of adult life.
What is Authoritarian parenting?
Demanding but not responsive.
-Expect high levels of obedience
-Very strict
-inflexible
What is Permissive parenting?
Responsive but not demanding
Warm, accepting of their child’s impulses.
Few rules, use reward rather than punish
Aim for child to be free and happy.
What is neglectful parenting?
Neither demanding or responsive
Like Permissive: have few (inconsistent) rules – overall provide very little structure.
Like Authoritarian: distant, cold relationships with their child.
Absence = all kinds of interaction minimised.
Parenting requires constant focus on the child – neglectful parents find this impossible.
Factors include poor mental health, substance abuse, extreme economic insecurity.
What factors influence our parent g styles?
Our childhood
Others’ children
Our societies expectations
Our partner
Our family and friends
Our economic status
Our social status
Our health (mind/body)
Our (perceived) competence
Number of siblings
What’s age appropriate?
What was Lansford’s conclusion in 2022 about parenting styles being universal?
- Many similarities in parenting styles
-children’s perceptions of parental legitimacy differ across cultures.
How many meta-analyses and primary studies did Ulferts (2020) review?
29 meta-analyses and 81 primary studies
What were the 4 topics she studied on the analyses?
Cognitive development and job success (e.g., academic achievement, self-regulation);
Emotional development and well-being (e.g., self-esteem, internalising problems);
Social development and relationships (e.g., peer acceptance, externalising behaviour);
Physical development and health (e.g. physical activity, obesity).
What are the main benefits of dependable parenting?
Encourages self-control, reduces internalizing and externalizing problems, promotes good social skills, and is essential for academic/job success.
How does dependable parenting affect physical development?
Less evidence of positive impact on physical development and health, possibly due to parents feeling they lack legitimacy if overweight or inactive.
What are the effects of authoritarian parenting?
Associated with deficits in academic, social, and emotional development. Strongest negative effects on psychological well-being and social skills.
How does authoritarian parenting affect physical development?
Mixed findings with some potential positive effects on physical development.
What are the main effects of permissive parenting?
Less beneficial than dependable parenting, with mixed results: lower academic achievements but higher academic self-esteem, less suicidal thoughts but more depressive symptoms, higher weight but some healthier lifestyle behaviors.
