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TERM 3 BIOL2292 PATHO 2 > PARATHYROID DISORDERS > Flashcards

PARATHYROID DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of PTH in bones?

A

Increases osteoclast activity to promote bone resorption, increasing blood calcium and phosphate

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2
Q

What are 3 functions of PTH in the kidneys?

A
  1. Increases reabsorption of calcium and magnesium from urine
  2. Increases excretion of phosphate
  3. Increases formation of calcitriol
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3
Q

What is the function of calcitriol?

A

Enhances absoprtion of calcium and magnesium in the GI tract

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4
Q

What are 3 causes of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A
  1. Parathyroid adenoma
  2. Primary parathyroid hyperplasia
  3. Parathyroid carcinoma
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5
Q

How are parathyroid adenoma and primary parathyroid hyperplasia different?

A

Parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumour of one gland that secretes excess PTH

Primary parathyroid hyperplasia is different because growth is present in all 4 glands

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6
Q

What is the overall pattern behind the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Associated with bone resorption and hypercalcemia

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7
Q

What are 2 reasons hyperparathyroidism causes decreased neuromuscular function?

A
  1. Calcium makes cells membranes rigid, inhibiting ion pumps/channels
  2. Calcium blocks sodium channels
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8
Q

What are 2 cardiovascular symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A
  1. Vascular & valvular calcification
  2. Arrythmia, heart block, cardiac arrest
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9
Q

What is the term for calcium deposition in kidney tubules and collecting ducts?

A

Nephrocalcinosis

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10
Q

What are 3 urinary symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A
  1. Excess calcium in urine
  2. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
  3. Polyuria, polydipsia
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11
Q

What is the term for the formation of lesions/cysts on bones as a result of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

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12
Q

What is the term for a condition of calcium pyrophosphate crystal accumulation in joints?

A

Chondrocalcinosis

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13
Q

What is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Chronic hypocalcemia

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14
Q

What are 4 potential causes for secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A
  1. CKD
  2. Vit D deficiency
  3. Malabsorption syndromes
  4. Pregnancy, lactation
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15
Q

What are 4 possible causes for hypoparathyroidism?

A
  1. Surgical removal of parathyroid
  2. Autoimmune destruction of parathyroid
  3. Genetic mutations
  4. Radiotherapy complications
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16
Q

What is the overall pattern behind the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Associated with hypocalcemia

17
Q

What are 4 neuromuscular symptoms associated with hypoparathyroidism?

A
  1. Paresthesias
  2. Muscle cramps
  3. Tetany
  4. Convulsions
18
Q

What is a cardiovascular symptom of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Cardiac conduction abnormalities: prolonged QT intervals

19
Q

What is another name for vitamin D (given along with oral calcium supplements)?

A

Calcitriol

TERM 3 BIOL2292 PATHO 2 (19 decks)

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