parasympathetics cranial nerves. Flashcards
what cranial nerves carry pre-ganglionic fibers?
oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus.
what sacral spinal nerves carry pre-ganglionic fibers?
sacral spinal nerves 2, 3, and 4.
are parasympathetics cholinergic or adrenergic?
cholinergic.
where do parasympathetic nerves generally synapse?
post-ganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia.
what do post-ganglionic fibers extend to, to serve what functions?
they extend to effector organs to,
- decrease cardiac output
- constrict the bronchial tree
- constrict pupils
- stimulate peristalsis
what nerves supply structures in the head generally?
C.N. 3,7,and 9.
what does C.N. 10 supply?
cardiac, respiratory, and digestive structures in the neck, thorax, and abdomen.
what nerves supply the distal parts of the digestive system and urogenital system?
sacral spinal nerves 2, 3, and 4.
where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies located carried in the oculomotor nerve?
accessory oculomotor nucleus.
where is the accessory oculomotor nucleus located?
fill in the blank
what path does the para-sympathetic fibers follow from the accessory oculomotor nucleus?
follows the path of the occulomotor nerve into the orbit.
where do the para-sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers synapse that follow the occulomotor nerve?
cilliary ganglion.
what nerve carries the para-sympathetic post-ganglionic axons from the cilliary ganglion?
short ciliary nerves.
the short cilliary carries the post-gaglionic axons to where?
carries fibers into the eyeball to supply the ciliary muscle and the sphinter pupillae.
what does parasympathetic stimulation to the ciliary muscle do?
contracts the muscle to make the lens more convex to focus on closer objects.
what does parasympathetic stimulation to the sphincter pupillae do/
contraction decreases the size of pupil.
where are preganglionic cell bodies located that are carried in the facial nerve?
salivary nucleus.
what nerve carries fibers carried in the facial nerve out of the skull?
intermediate nerve.
what two branches of the facial nerve carry parasympathetic fibers?
greater petrosal and chorda tympani.
where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve?
at the geniculate ganglion.
where does the greater petrosal nerve then carry parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to?
carries them anteriorward through the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve. it re-enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through the foramen lacerum and travels in the pterygoid canal to ultimately join the pterygopaletine ganglion.
where are postganglionic fibers distributed to from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
to the lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves.
where do the lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves carry the postganglionic fibers to?
to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands.
where does the chorda tympani carry preganglionic fibers to?
carries them through the tympanic cavity and leaves the temporal bone through the pterygotympanic fissure where i combines with the lingual nerve.
after the preganglionic fibers leave the lingual nerve where do they synapse?
the submandibular ganglion.
where do the postganglionic fibers travel to from the submandibular gland?
they travel to the submandibular gland and the sublingual gland.
where are preganglionic cell bodies located that are carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve?
salivary nucleus.
what nerve carries preganglionic fibers after breaking off the glossopharyngeal nerve?
tympanic nerve.
where does the tympanic nerve seperate from the glossopharyngeal nerve?
at the inferior ganglion.
where does the tympanic nerve carry the preganglionic fibers?
through the tympanic canaliculus into the tympanic cavity.
what joins with the nerve in the tympanic cavity?
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganlion.
what forms in the tympanic cavity?
tympanic plexus.
after the preganglionic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus they reform what?
the lesser petrosal nerve.
to where does the lesser petrosal nerve carry the preganglionic fibers?
through the lesser petrosal canal to the otic ganglion.
where are postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion carried to?
parotid and posterior lingual glands.
what nerve carries postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland?
auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the lingual branch of the trigeminal.
what nerve carries postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion to the posterior lingual gland?
the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
what other type of sensory fibers are carried in the lingaul branch of the glossopharyngeal?
special sensory taste fibers. duh
where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the fibers carried by the vagus nerve?
posterior nucleus of the vagus.
where does the vagus carry the preganglionic fibers?
to postganglionic cell bodies located in the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, digestive tract, gall bladder, and bile ducts, myocardium and to the pancreas, liver, and spleen.
where are the postganglionic cell bodies located that have preganlionic fibers carried by the vagus?
located in the organs and blood vessels that supply the organs.
- myocardium
- submucosal plexus
- myenteric plexus
to the heart, what nerves carry preganglionic fibers?
superior and inferior cardiac nerves.
what do preganglionic fibers synapse carried in the cardiac nerves?
the cardiac plexus at the base of heart and wall of heart.
where do postganglionic fibers get carried to from the cardiac plexus?
- sinoatrial node
- atrioventricular node
- atrioventricular bundle to reach the subedenocardial branchse (pirkinje fibers)
what effect does parasympathetic impulses have on the heart?
it inhibits myocardium and constricts the coronary arteries.
what nerves carry preganglionic fibers to the lungs?
anterior and posterior bronchial branches.
where do preganglionic fibers synapse carried in the bronchial branches?
the pulmonary plexus surrounding the bronchial tree.
where do postganglionic fibers travel to from the pulmonary plexus?
bronchial musculature and bronchial glands.
what effect does parasympathetic impusle have on the bronchial tree?
constriction of the bronchial tree and increase secretions of the bronchial glands.
what nerves carry preganglionic fibers to the esophagus?
the recurrent laryngeal nerves as well as the anterior and posterior esophageal branches.
where do preganglionic fibers synapse carried in the laryngeal and esophageal nerves?
wall of the esophagus.
what do the postganglionic fibers supply in the esophagus?
the smooth muscle fibers of esophagus.
what nerves carry preganglionic fibers to the stomach?
anterior and posterior vagal trunk.
where do preganglionic fibers that are carried in the vagal trunk synapse?
submucossal (meisners) and myenteric (auerbachs) plexuses in the stomach wall.
where do postganglionic fibers travel to from the submucossal and myenteric plexuses?
smooth muscled fibers
what effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on the stomach?
contraction of smooth muscles and secretion of gastric juices.
what carries preganglionic fibers to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon?
the posterior vagal trunk.
where does the duodenum receive preganglionic fibers from?
celiac plexus.
where do the rest of the digestive system receive preganglionic fibers from?
the celiac plexus and continuing through the superior mesenteric plexus.
where do the preganglionic fibers synapse in the digestive area?
the submucosal and myenteric plexuses.
what effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on the organs of the digestive system?
contraction of smooth muscle and is also a secromotor for intestinal glands.
how do preganglionic fibers reach the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree?
the hepatic branch of the right vagal trunk, they pass through the hepatic plexus which is an extension of the celiac plexus.
where do the preganglionic fibers from the hepatic plexus synapse?
muscular walls of the gall bladder and billiary tree and in the glandular tissue of the pancreas.
where do postganglionic fibers synapse and what do they do?
smooth muscle fibers or glands of their intended target, they increase smooth muscle activity in the gall bladder and biliary vessels. it is also a secretomoter for the pancreatic glands.
how do preganglionic fibers reach the kidneys?
through the renal plexus from the posterior vagus.
what is the parasympathetic fibers to the kidneys likely to be?
visceral afferent due to large sympathetic motor supply.
how do preganglionic fibers reach the liver?
primarily from the anterior vagal trunk with some coming from the posterior. they reach the liver via the hepatic plexus, and extension of the celiac plexus.
what is the parasympathetic fibers to the liver likely to be?
visceral afferent.
how do preganglionic fibers reach the suprarenal gland?
posterior vagal trunk.
