distribution of fibers from the sympathetic trunk Flashcards
what are the three ways fibers are carried from the sympathetic trunks?
- nerves
- blood vessels
- direct branches
what are the three types of postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic trunk?
- vasomotor
- sudomotor
- motor to the arrector pili
what are the five functions of direct branches to the viscera?
- constrict blood vessels
- dilate the bronchial tree
- stimulate glandular secretion
- dilate the pupils
- inhibit digestive activity
what branches from the superior cervical trunk accompany nerves?
there are five nerves the glossopharyngeal, vagus, recurrent laryngeal. auricular, and hypoglossal nerves.
what what blood vessels are accompanied by sympathetic nerves from the cervical sympathetic trunk?
internal carotid artery, inferior thyroid artery, and the subclavion artery.
where does the internal carotid nerve originate?
superior cervical ganglion
where does the internal carotid nerve enter the skull?
the cranial vault with the internal carotid artery
how many branches does the internal carotid nerve divide into and what is their names?
two the lateral and medial branches
what does the lateral internal carotid nerve form and where does it terminate?
forms the internal carotid plexus and most terminate on blood vessels in the skull.
what does the lateral internal carotid nerve communicate with?
it communicates with the trigeminal ganglion which allows postganglionic sympathetic fibers to reach any structure with the field of distribution of the trigeminal nerve.
what supplies the blood vessels of in the lateral rectus?
the abducens nerve.
postganglionic fibers from the deep petrosal nerve combine with what other nerve to form what nerve and where do they reach?
they join the greater petrosal nerve to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal.they reach the lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and some pharyngeal glands.
what does the corticotympanic nerve join with to form what nerve to supply what?
joins with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to form the tympanic plexus and supply glands and blood vessels in the middle ear.
what does the medial internal carotid nerve form?
the cavernous plexus
where is the cavernous plexus found?
within the cavernous sinus, alongside the sella turcica.
where do fibers travel through from the cavernous plexus to supply what structures of the eye?
it travels through the ciliary ganglion to supply the ciliaris and dilater pupillae muscles as well as some tarsus muscles of the upper eyelid.
where do other branches travel from the medial internal carotid nerve?
oculomotor nerves, trochlear nerve, and the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
branches to the oculomotor nerve supply what?
blood vessels associated with muscles supplied by the nerve.
branches to the trochlear nerve supply what?
blood vessels of the superior oblique.
branches to the ophthalmic supply what?
arrector pili, sweat glands and blood vessels in the field of distribution of the ophthalmic division.
what do the branches accompanying the inferior thyroid artery supply and where do they originate?
they supply the thyroid gland and are from the middle cervical ganglion.
branches following the subclavion artery arise from what ganglion and also follow what other arteries?
they arise from the inferior cervical or stellate ganglion and reach the upper extremity via the axillary and brachial arteries.
what branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk travel directly to visceral structures?
laryngeopharyngeal branches and the cardiac branches.
where are the laryngeopharyngeal branches from and what do they from?
they are from the superior cervical ganglion and they from the pharyngeal plexus
what other nerves send fibers to help form the pharyngeal plexus and what does the plexus supply?
the glossophryngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and laryngeal plexus all send fibers to help form the pharyngeal plexus and it supplies the blood vessels and glands.
where do the cardiac branches arise?
all three cervical ganglia.
what do the cardiac branches accompany to their target which is?
they accompany branches of the vagus through the cardiac plexus to the sinoatrial node.
what does sympathetic stimulation from the cardiac branches cause?
increases heart rate and dilates the coronary arteries.
what branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk accompany nerves and what do they supply?
they all have a grey ramus communicans so they supply the arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the field of distribution of each thoracic nerve.
what branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk accompany blood vessels?
ganglia 1-5 send postganglionic fibers to the thoracic aorta.
what branches of thoracic sympathetic trunk travel directly to visceral structures?
cardiac branches, pulmonary branches, greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves.
what thoracic ganglia give chardiac branches?
T2-T4 ganglia
what do the cardiac branches pass through to terminate where and what is their function on target organ?
they pass through the cardiac plexus to end up at the heart. they increase heart rate, dilate coronary arteries.
what thoracic ganglia give rise to pulmonary branches?
T2-T4 ganglia
what do pulmonary branches travel through to terminate where and what do they supply as well as function?
they travel through the pulmonary plexus to supply the pleura, smooth muscle, and blood vessels of the lungs as well as the bronchial glands. their function is to increase bronchial dilation.
the greater splanchnic nerve contains fibers from where?
T5-T9 or T10 ganglia
what does the greater splanchnic nerve supply?
esophagus and thoracic aorta
through what does the greater splanchnic nerve pass to arrive at what other target?
passes through the gastric, hapatic, and superior mesentric plexus via the celiac plexus to reach the abdominal viscera.
the lesser splanchnic nerve contains fibers from where?
T9-T10 or T11 ganglia
what does the lesser splanchnic nerve supply?
some of the same features as the greater splanchnic nerve with the addition of the suprarenal glands.
the least splanchnic nerve carries fibers from where/
the lowest thoracic ganglia.
where do fibers from the least splanchnic nerve reach and through what?
they reach the kidneys through the renal plexus
what branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk accompany nerves?
a gray ramus communicans is associated with each nerve and they supply the arrector pili, sweat glands, blood vessels in the field of distribution of each lumbar nerve.
what arteries do what branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk follow to what structure?
the vascular branches follow the lumbar arteries bock to the abdominal aorta.
where do the branchial arteries follow the abbdominal artery to?
to the median sacral artery and the common iliac arteries.
what branches of the sacral sympathetic trunk accompany nerves?
a gray ramus communicans is associated with each sacral and coccygeal nerve and these fibers supply the arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the field of distribution of each sacral or coccygeal nerve.
what branches of the pelvic sympathetic trunk accompany blood vessels?
vascular branches are given off that follow the median sacral artery.
what branches of the pelvic sympathetic trunk travel directly to visceral structures?
sacral (not pelvic) splanchnic nerves
sacral splanchnic nerves supply what structur via what plexus?
they supply pelvic viscera via the inferior mesentric plexus. fibers supplying the ureters and the rectum pass directly to these structures.
