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Fundamentals Of Pharmacology And Physiology > Parasympathetic Nervous System > Flashcards

Parasympathetic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the physiological responses in the parasympathetic nervous system (7)

A 
Constricts pupil
Stimulates saliva and tear production
Constricts bronchi
Slows heart 
Stimulates stomach, pancreas and intestines
Stimulates urination
Promotes genital erection
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2
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart?

A

Decreases force of contraction

Reduces heart rate

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3
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on blood vessels?

A

ACh produces considerable vasodilation to systemic arteries

For less parasympathetic innervation to arteries

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4
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on male genetalia?

A

Dilution of penile artery

Engorgement of corpus cavernosum

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5
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on non-vascular smooth muscle?

A

Contraction of the bladder detrusor, airway, GI tract, uterus

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6
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on the eye?

A

Contracts circular muscle -> narrowing of pupil

Allows lens to bulge, therefore focussing the eye

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7
Q

Name an industrial cholinesterase inhibitor in the parasympathetic nervous system and its use

A

Parathion - insecticide

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8
Q

What are the symptoms when ACh is inhibited in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A 
Increased:
Bowel motility
Acid secretion
Salivation
Lacrimation

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Focussing problems (eyes)
Urination

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9
Q

Name the short acting cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Neostigmine

Physostigmine

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10
Q

Name the long acting cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Edrophonium

Parathion

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11
Q

Name the nicotinic cholinoceptors

A

N1 or Nm

N2 or Nn

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12
Q

Name the muscarinic cholinoceptors

A

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5

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13
Q

Where are the N1 cholinoceptors found?

A

Skeletal muscle

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14
Q

Where are the N2 cholinoceptors found?

A

Autonomic ganglia

CNS

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15
Q

Where are the M1 cholinoceptors found?

A

CNS
Peripheral neurones
Gastric parietal cells

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16
Q

Where are the M2 cholinoceptors found?

A

Atria, SAN, AVN

17
Q

Where are the M3 cholinoceptors found?

A

Visceral smooth muscle,
secretory glands
Endothelial cells

18
Q

Where are the M4/M5 cholinoceptors found?

A

CNS

19
Q

Name the (2) selective agonists for nicotinic cholinoceptors

A

Nicotine

Lobeline

20
Q

Name the (3) selective antagonists for nicotinic cholinoceptors

A

Tubocurarine
Hexamethonium
Pancuronium

21
Q

Name the (3) selective agonists for muscarinic cholinoceptors

A

Muscarine, bethanecol, pilocarpine

22
Q

Name the (4) selective antagonists for muscarinic cholinoceptors

A

Ipratropium
Atropine
Hyoscine
Pirenzepine

23
Q

What is the enzyme and location for the M1 receptor?

A

Phospholipase C

Glands, secretory cells

24
Q

What is the enzyme and location for the M2 receptor?

A

Adenylate cyclase (Gi)

Heart

25
Q

What is the enzyme and location for the M3 receptor?

A

Phospholipase C (Gq)

Endothelial cells, visceral smooth muscle
GI secretions

26
Q

What is the enzyme and location for the M4 receptor?

A

Adenylate cyclase (Gi)

CNS

27
Q

What is the enzyme and location for the M5 receptor?

A

Phospholipase C (Gq)

CNS

28
Q

What are odd numbered muscarinic receptors positively coupled with?

A

Phospholipase C

29
Q

What are even numbered muscarinic receptors negatively coupled with?

A

Adenylate cyclase

30
Q

What does negatively coupled mean?

A

Reducing the amount of cAMP

31
Q

What happens in the heart when the beta gamma subunit activates a potassium channel?

A

The membrane potential hyperpolarises which limits activation

32
Q

How does activation of M3 receptors contract non-vascular smooth muscle?

A

Increased activation of phospholipase C
calcium is released
binds to myosin light chain kinase
turns on myosin

33
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors heavily expressed?

A

Endothelium

34
Q

What happens to the calcium produced by M3 receptors in the endothelium?

A

Activates the NO synthase

NO binds to guanylyl synthase causing it to relax

35
Q

What does activation of M3 receptors cause?

A 
Increased:
Saliva
Tears
Gut acid
Sweat
Phospholipase C
Calcium release

Fundamentals Of Pharmacology And Physiology (7 decks)

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