Parasitology principles Flashcards
What is parasite ?
Is organism that feed on the host
How many branches or types in parasites?
Two
Endoparasites
And ectoparasites
What are the types in endoparasites?
Worms and protozoa
Can free type be opportunistic?
Yes if there is proper environment
What are the types of host?
Two
Definitive (sexually reproduction only)
Intermediate (only Asexually reproduce)
What are the Types of transmission and it’s effect on infective agent?
Mechanical transmission : doesn’t interfere with infective agent
Biological transmission: Change in the infective agent
What is protozoa ?
Is organism whose body has one nucleus (eukaryotic) that perform all of it’s functions
Is protozoa prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
eukaryotic
All protozoa are parasitic?
No some pf them has free life and others are opportunistic
Where protozoa lives?
Animals and humans
Does acanthamoeba have freelife?
Its opportunistic
How many protozoa species are in human body and how many of them are pathogenic?
76
22
And some are completely are non pathogenic(commensal)
Which protozoa can only cause disease in humans?
Plasmodia
Give examples on zoonosis protozoa
Leishmania
P. Knowlesi
They infect humans and animals
Where trypanosomiasis is prevalent?
Africa and South America
Which protozoa is found worldwide?
Toxoplasma spp.
What carry a parasitic infection from one host to another?
Arthropod vector
Protozoan morphology can be …?
Round ,elongated ,egg shaped, pear shaped, spindle shape , amoebic ,oval , crescent shape or without specific shape
Protozoa size ?
1_100 microns
Body of protozoa is?
Protoplasm(cytoplasm,nucleoplasm)
Cytoplasm has two layers
Ectoplasm, endoplasm
What are the functions of Ectoplasm?
Movement, swallowing food ,excreting waste , breathing and protection of protozoa
What the ectoplasm of Balantidiumas?
There is a place called peristome that perform the (cytosome)
In which food enter through cytopharynx to the endoplasm
What are the movement organs in amoeba , blanthidium ,flagellates , trypanosoma?
1_Pseudopodia
2_cilia
3_flagellum
4_undullating membrane
Talk about functions of the Endoplasm
Role in protozoan nutrition
Role in production by the nucleus
Explain endoplasm structure
-Is granular
Has nutritional cavity- contractaile cavities
Food reserves
Presence of foreign bodies and chromatoidal bodies
Talk about kinetoblast
Found in some flagellates and contains parabasal body and blepharoplast
Where is the location of karyosome?
Near the nucleus and is strongly stained
What about the nucleus might help in diagnosis?
Chromatin and karyosome
Help in differential diagnosis as in ameobia
Give example on ciliates has 2 nucleuses?
Balantidium
What are the functions of balandtidium nucleuses?
Macronucleus: vegetative activities
Micronucleus: reproductive operations
How the undigested particles are pushed to the surface of protozoan ?
By pores called cytopyge
When the resistant membrane develops?
When they reach inactive cyst stage for protection
List some ways protozoa can reproduce by
.asexual
.binary fission
.multiple fission
.rosette form
.budding
.schizogony,merogony
Double internal division(endodiogeny)
.sexual reproduction
How apicomplexa phylum reproduces?
asexually and Sexually by
Microgamete(male) and macrogamete(female) form zygote
List protozoa ways of transmission
.oral , mucosal
.blood
.placenta
.intercourse
.end clause
.biological
. mechanical
.host
. vertebrate or invertebrate host
.reservoir
Lost the important phylums of protozoa
1_apicomplexa
2_sarcomastigophora
3_ciliophora
4_microspora
List genuses that belong to apicomplexa
1_Babesia
2_cryptosporidium
3_cyclospora
4_isospora
5_sacrosytosis
6_toxoplasma
7_plasmodium
8_coccidia
List genuses belong to sarcomastigophora
1leishmania
2
List genuses belong to ciliphora
Balantidium
List genuses belong to microspora
How apicomplexa reproduce and in how many hosts?
Sexually and Asexually
By one or two hosts
