coccidia 1 Flashcards
cryptosporidium
Coccidia belong to which phylum?
apicomplexia
what are coccidia types ?
intestinal coccidia - blood and tissue coccidia
give what parasites are belong to the intestinal coccidia
cryptosporidium
isospora
cyclospora
give some parasites that belong to the blood & tissue coccidia
plasmodium
toxoplasm
babesia
sarcosystis
what are the general/in common characteristics of the intestinal coccidia parasites?
1-opportunistic in immunocompromized people
2-life cycle in one host
3-live in intestinal epithelial cells of the host
4-thick walled oocyst in feces
5-fecal-oral route transmission
what cryptospordium can cause(symptom)
- self limiting diarrhia in healthy individuals
- chronic persistent life threatening diarrhia in HIV individuals
C. parvum infect only humans?
no wide range of animals ( fish -humans)
which C. infect animals besides humans?
C.parvum
what C. infect only humans ?
C.hominis
what are other species of cryptospordium you know?
C. felis-canis-muris-meleagridis can also be found
how many hosts for C. parvum ?
one host animal or human
what is the morphology of c.parvum?
oocyts
what is the protection form of c. parvum?
sporulated oocytes -infective stage
what is the active form of c.parvum?
sporozoits
what is self limiting dirria?
means restricted frequently without drugs
what are the types of sporozoits based on location?
inside/outside sporocyst
what is the sexual form in c.barvum life cycle ?
meront ll
which type of sporozoit does C.barvum have?
it doesnt have sporocyst in first place
what is the asexual form of C.barvum?
meront l
what is excystation?
come out of the inside of the cyst
what virulance means?
when enzymes balance change it become more valunarble to get c. as in AIDS
what is the dignosis form of C.
oocyte found in feces
what is the structure of oocyst in cryptosporidium?
cell wall and 4 sporozoites inside with no sporocyst
what is the structure of sporozoites?
crescentic structure-pointed anterior end - blunt posterior end with nucleus
what are the types of oocytes?
thick walled /thin walled
explain the structure of thick wall oocyte?
2 electrodense walls
outer wall is thick and coarse
inner wall is granular and has suture at one pole
between them is electroluscent middle zone
thin wall oocyte structure?
has only sinle wall
oocyt walls are so resistant .what some disinfectants they might be resistant to?
chlorination -heat and dont stain by iodine and are fast stain in nature
name th parasite in each stage of its life cycle in C.
1-sporulated oocyst(infective stage)
2-sporozoite(by excystation after ingesting it will invade the intestinal epithelial cells of the host)
sprozoites differentiate into trophozoites
3-trophozoite(feeding and growing stage its when the parasite forms)
inside trophzoites reproduction happens
meront l = asexual = 8 merozoites(infect other cells )
*outside trophozoite = meront ll = sexual (merozoites will be undifferentiated gametes then differentiate into macro and microgametes and fuse to form zygote)
4- zygote will be thick or thinn wall oocyst
thick =exit the host
thin = repeat the cycle inside the host
what is the last role in C. thin wall oocyst life cycle ?
causes autoinfection through contaminated fingers
what is the last role of C. thick walled oocyst?
excreted in feces and infect other people through feces
what is the mode of transmissiom of C.?
Feco-oral route - ingestion of thick wall oocyst
how the excystation of C. sporozoites start?
suture on the inner wall of oocyst dissolve and release 4 sporozoites into the intestines
what factors might help in the excystation of the C. sporozoites?
bile salts like pancreatic enzymes
where all the stages of C. development in human occur?
parasitophorous vacuole on brush border epithelium of the small intestines
after excystation where C. sporozoites will stay/invade ?
on brush border epithelium inside parasitophorous vacuole ion the small intestines
C. how meront l is formed?
from the first asexual /schizogony reproduction of trophozoites
what the first thing happen to C. sporozoites after reaching the small intestines ?
differentiate into trophozoites to form meront l
what C. meront l will produce asexually /schizogeny ?
8 merozoites then meront ll
after C. gamtogony what we have ?
each microgamete give 16 microgametes
each macrogamete give 1 macrogamete
whats the next step for zygote of C. ?
80% will be thick wall oocyst
20 % will be thin wall oocyst
how long does the C. life cycle inside the human takes?/prepatent period
4-22 days
LIST STAGES OF SPOROZOITES DEVELOPMENT INSIDE HUMAN
1-excystation
2-invasion
3-schizogony/asexual(3stages)
4-gamatogony/excystation
5-sporogony/zygote formation
6- final excystation
what are virulence factors of C.?
1-membrane aminopeptidase
2-cysteine proteas
3-a heamolysin
4-lectin/thromboplastin related adhestion molecule
clinical manefestation of C.?
1- self-limiting dirrhoeal illness(in immuncompetent person mostly children)
2-sever prolonged life threatening dirrhoeal( AIDS)
what is the clinical manifestation for AIDS person in C. ?
intestinal =same symptoms and might led to death
extraintestinal=
-respiratory problems
-hepatitis
-pancreatitis
-cholecystitis
which people C. mostly infect?
children and AIDS person
prevention of C.
-water filteration -swimming pools-pasteurization - washing hands
