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Parasitology > Parasitology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Parasitology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tick is Argas persicus? How do you manage it?

A

Soft tick that feeds on Chickens. Manage by pesticide fumigation

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2
Q

What is the key to fly prevention?

A

SANITATION

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3
Q

What is the common name for D. albipictus?

A

Winter, Ghost, or Moose tick (1 host tick)

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4
Q

What is the definition of a one host tick?

A

It means that all the life stages of a tick occur on a single host.

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5
Q

What tick is this?

A

Boophilus

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6
Q

What is an important treatment step of Ticks?

A

MANUAL REMOVAL!!

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7
Q

Identify this tick: What regarding its life stages are important?

A

This is a spinose Ear Tick AKA Otobius megnini

Adults are not parasitic

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8
Q

If looking for Haematobia eggs, where would you look?

A

Horn flies like to lay their eggs in FRESH feces aka cowpies :)

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9
Q

Which phases of the blowflies is parasitic?

A

Sheep phase: larval phase!

Adults are not parasitic, or pupae (live in soil)

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10
Q

Cochliomyia like to lay their eggs where? What type of fly are these?

A

Non-biting flies also known as Screw Worm flies and they lay their eggs on the edges of frewsh wounds

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11
Q

True or False: Male ticks suck blood

A

False: only the females are blood suckers

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12
Q

List several ways that ticks can cause or contribute to disease

A
  1. Exanguination: Anemia (argas, boophilus, dermacentor)
  2. Bite wounds provide entry for secondary invaders
  3. Dermatoses (itch, scratch, weight loss)
  4. Paralysis via a neurotoxin (argas, dermacentor, amblomma, rhipicephalus, ixodes)
  5. Toxicosis: tissue/humoral toxin (hyalomma, rhipicephalus)
  6. Diease Transmission:
    a. protozoa: babesia, theileria
    b. Rickettsia: Q fever, RMSF, anaplasma, ehrlichia, heartwater
    c. Bacteria: Tularemia, Borrelia

Virus: Colorado Tick Fever

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13
Q

Why are many of the biting flies often found near water?

A

Because they lay their eggs either on the water, on plants near the edges of water sources, etc.

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14
Q

Please Match Mallophaga and Anoplura with their prospective titles: Chewing or Sucker

A

Mallophaga: CHEWER

ANOPLURA: SUCKER

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15
Q

Name three unique characteristics of a sheep ked

A
  1. They live entirely on the host
  2. They are viviparous (females don’t lay eggs, they carry their young inside them)
  3. Both Genders Suck blood
  4. They are a WING-LESS fly
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16
Q

What are the major effects of sucking lice?

A

Anemia, hypoproteinemia, vector bloodborne pathogens, may cause allergic reactions.

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17
Q

How long can a nymphal staged soft tick live when unfed?

A

~6 Months

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18
Q

True or False: Obligate myiasis causing fly don’t require a specific host

A

FALSE: Obligate means that they do require a specific host in order to survive. An example ofthese would be screw worm larva

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19
Q

What cells does Babesia Bigemina and Babesia Bovis infect in cattle?

A

erythrocytes

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20
Q

What morphological features can be used to identify biting flies?

A

Adult flies have a pair of long, jointed antennae and segmented maxillary palps.

Often times only the females are parasitic with piercing/sucking mouthparts

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21
Q

Which genera of ticks lacks an anal grove?

A

Amblyomma and Boophilus

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22
Q

What is considered the first flies to arrive at a carcass?

A

Blowflies!

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23
Q

What is the common name for D. nitens?

A

Tropical HOrse Tick (1 host tick)

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24
Q

If you were to guess, what type of flies are these?

Hint: this is a cow

A

Horn fly

Haematobia spp.

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25
Q

Name two 1 host ticks discussed in lab or class

A

Boophilus ticks

Dermacentor Ticks

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26
Q

What helminths are transmitted by Deer flies? What is its scientific name?

A

They transmit Eleophora schneideri (carotid worm of deer), and the screw worm fly strike point

Chrysops

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27
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor nitens?

A

The tropical horse tick (excellent vector for equine babesiosis)

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28
Q

True or False: Soft Ticks have a Scutum

A

False: Hard Ticks have a scutum while soft ticks do not

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29
Q

Which active ingredient is great against Haematobia?

A

IVERMECTIN products

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30
Q

Trichodectes Lice infect what species of animal?

A

DOGS

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31
Q

What is the term for a Louse Infection?

A

Pediculosis

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32
Q

Name the Types of Ticks

A

Argasidae: Soft Ticks

Ixodidae: Hard Ticks

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33
Q

Identify this tick by its scientific and common name

A

dermecentor occidentalis AKA Pacific Coast Tick (3 host tick)

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34
Q

Where do you primarily find demodex?

A

In the hair follicles

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35
Q

Are ticks an insect or an arachnid?

A

Arachnid, they have 8 legs as an adult

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36
Q

Musca domestica also known as the common house fly prefers to lay their eggs where?

A

In fresh horse or cow manure

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37
Q

Identify this tick by both the Scientific and common name

A

Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American Dog Tick (3 hosts tick)

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38
Q

We learned about two flies that are viviparous what were they?

A

melophagus ovinus (sheep ked)

Glossina spp. (tsetse fly)

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39
Q

Calliphorid larvae are found where?

A

in wounds, soiled fleece, and dead animals

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40
Q

True of False: Calliphora spp. is a biting fly

A

FALSE

Calliphora, also known as the blue bottle fly, is a non-biting fly

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41
Q

What mite is known as the Scaley leg mite or beak mite?

A

Cnemidcoptes

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42
Q

Cochliomya hominovorax is also know as?

A

Screwworm fly

Non-biting fly

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43
Q

What are good treatments for ear mites in cats?

A

Acarexx, Melbemite, Revolution

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44
Q

Do cattle with demodicosis show the same clinical signs as dogs?

A

Yes, but usually only the generalized form with alopecia, redness, pruritic..

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45
Q

Identify this Mite

A

Chyletiella

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46
Q

What is a defining morphological feature of Melophagus ovinus? What is the common name?

A

It is a wing-less fly also known as a sheep ked

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47
Q

What are some general morphological characteristics of the haematobia aka the horn fly?

A

They are small, grey with several dark stripes on the thorax, long palps

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48
Q

Name the 4 most important Genera of ixodidae ticks

A
  1. Dermacentor
  2. Rhipicephalus
  3. Ixodes
  4. Amblyomma
    (5. Boophilus 6. Haemaphysalis)
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49
Q

How many legs does an adult tick have?

A

8 legs

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50
Q

Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name

A

Stable Fly, Stomoxys spp.

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51
Q

How long on average is a mites life cycle? Who lives longer, mites or ticks?

A

Between 7-28 days. Ticks live longer than mites do.

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52
Q

Identify both of these ticks

A

ON the left: Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick)

On the right: Ixodes affinis

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53
Q

Echidnophago attacks mainly what species?

A

Fowl

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54
Q

Haematobia transmits which filarial worm?

A

Stephanofilaria

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55
Q

HOw can you distinguish the larvae of cochliomyia hominovorax from other calliphorid larvae?

A

Cochliomyia hominovorax also known as the screwworm fly larva have sharp oral hooks while calliphorid flies also known as blowflies have sponging mouthparts

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56
Q

Name 3 species of Chewing Lice

A

Trichodectes

Felicola

Bovicola

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57
Q

What fly causes myasis in Cattle?

A

Hypoderma also known as “heel or Warble” flies

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58
Q

What is in place to control the Boophilus ticks?

A

Tick Riders that survey imported cattle and there is a live vaccine based on avirulent strains

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59
Q

Hypoderma is also known as what, and where would you see the eggs of these?

A

Also known as the heel or warble fly, and they prefer to attach their eggs to hairs aorund the hocks and on the lower parts of the body of cattle

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60
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor nitens?

A

The tropical horse tick (excellent vector for equine babesiosis)

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61
Q

List several ways that ticks can cause or contribute to disease

A
  1. Exanguination: Anemia (argas, boophilus, dermacentor)
  2. Bite wounds provide entry for secondary invaders
  3. Dermatoses (itch, scratch, weight loss)
  4. Paralysis via a neurotoxin (argas, dermacentor, amblomma, rhipicephalus, ixodes)
  5. Toxicosis: tissue/humoral toxin (hyalomma, rhipicephalus)
  6. Diease Transmission:
    a. protozoa: babesia, theileria
    b. Rickettsia: Q fever, RMSF, anaplasma, ehrlichia, heartwater
    c. Bacteria: Tularemia, Borrelia

Virus: Colorado Tick Fever

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62
Q

Myxomatosis is transmitted via two vectors, what are they?

A

Mosquitoes, and fleas

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63
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor Albipictus?

A

the Winter tick or moose tick

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64
Q

How long can a larval soft tick live unfed?

A

~ 8 Months

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65
Q

Identify this tick by its scientific and common name

A

dermecentor occidentalis AKA Pacific Coast Tick (3 host tick)

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66
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name and describe how many hosts these ticks have?

A

Ixodes pacificus AKA western blacklegged tick

3 host tick (likes many species Rodents, lizards, rabbits, birds, pets, etc)

Transmits Lyme disease, tularemia, rickettsia (rocky mountain spotted fever)

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67
Q

What protozoal parasties is transmitted by Simulium flies?

A

Avian Leucocytozoon

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68
Q

Where on the host will you find fleas?

A

On skin and hair and feathers.

Female echidnophagia may be found burrowing into the skin.

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69
Q

True or False: Lice prefer Warm Weather

A

False: They are commonly found in the cool/cold weather

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70
Q

What mite causes SCABIES?

A

Psoroptes in cattle

THIS is a reportable mite in livestock

Sarcoptes in all animals is called scabies as well

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71
Q

Identify this tick with the common and scientific name

A

Boophilus annulatus AKA the N. American Cattle Tick

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72
Q

List the 3 burrowing mites

A
  1. Sarcoptes
  2. Notoedres
  3. Demodex
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73
Q

What is one way to tell the difference between male and female ticks?

A

Males are usually more ornate looking than females

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74
Q

What disease was Boophilus known to transmit?

A

Babesiosis

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75
Q

List 4 Three host tick genera

A

Ixodes

Haemaphysalis

Amblyomma

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus

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76
Q

Which genera’s anal grove is located anterior to the anus?

A

Ixodes

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77
Q

Name the cestode (worm) commonly transmitted by fleas

A

Diplidium canium

TAPEWORMS

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78
Q

True or False: Boophilus ticks are not reportable

A

FALSE: all boophilus ticks are reportable because they are important in the transmission of Babesia in Cattle

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79
Q
A
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80
Q

Identify this tick with the common and scientific name

A

Boophilus annulatus AKA the N. American Cattle Tick

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81
Q

Identify this tick: What regarding its life stages are important?

A

This is a spinose Ear Tick AKA Otobius megnini

Adults are not parasitic

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82
Q

Please give the common name and the scientific name for this tick

A

Amblyomma americanum AKA the Lone Star Tick

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83
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor Albipictus?

A

the Winter tick or moose tick

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84
Q

What are chiggers a type of?

A

They are a type of MITE

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85
Q

What viral diseases are transmitted by the deer fly? Also, What is the deer fly’s scientific name?

A

Viruses: EIA, Anthrax

Scientific name: Chrysops

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86
Q

Where would you find haematobia flies? What is their common name?

A

They suck blood on CATTLE

Horn fly

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87
Q

Where is Rhipicephalus sanguineus found?

A

Everywhere in the USA. Its common name isthe brown dog tick

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88
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus AKA Brown Dog Tick (3 host tick) These are big ticks!

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89
Q

What is the definition of a one host tick?

A

It means that all the life stages of a tick occur on a single host.

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90
Q

Which genera of ticks lacks an anal grove?

A

Amblyomma and Boophilus

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91
Q

What is in place to control the Boophilus ticks?

A

Tick Riders that survey imported cattle and there is a live vaccine based on avirulent strains

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92
Q

What is the best way to reduce fly populations specifically the Musca spp.?

A

Spread the feces, or clean it up so that they won’t lay their eggs in it

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93
Q

What cells does Babesia Bigemina and Babesia Bovis infect in cattle?

A

erythrocytes

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94
Q

What is the common name for Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?

What disease does this tick act as a vector for?

A

Rabbit Tick and is a important vector for Rocky spotted fever and tularemia among wild animals.

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95
Q

True or False: All life stages except for the eggs of fleas are parasitic

A

FALSE

Only the adults are parasitic

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96
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific name and common name

A

Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

(very ornate looking tick with festoons)

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97
Q

Which fly’s larva set up shop after they migrate to the back of the animal? Which species is this a problem in?

A

Hypoderma (warble flies)

This is a problem in cattle.

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98
Q

What is a defining characteristic of Chyletiella?

A

LARGE palpal hooks near the mouth

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99
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor Variabilis?

A

The American Dog Tick

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100
Q

What are the key characteristics of Biting flies?

A

They obviously bite, which allows them to take in a blood meal, while also acting as vectors to transmit diseases.

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101
Q

Are ticks an insect or an arachnid?

A

Arachnid, they have 8 legs as an adult

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102
Q

Which species can only Chewing lice be found?

A

BIRDS, and cats

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103
Q

What is a unique morphologic characteristic of adult hypoderma spp flies?

A

They are black and hairy with a yellow striped thorax, resembling a bee, except that they have only one pair of wings.

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104
Q

Identify this Mite

A

Otodectes cynotis

(cat mite, loves ears!)

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105
Q

List some ways to control mosquitoes

A
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106
Q

If looking for tabanus eggs, where would you look?

A

Horse flies lay their eggs on the vegetation around swamps, ponds, and watering tanks

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107
Q

What is the largest mite family?

A

Chyletidae

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108
Q
A
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109
Q

Please give the common name and the scientific name for this tick

A

Amblyomma americanum AKA the Lone Star Tick

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110
Q

True or False: The common house fly can transmit coccidia

A

True, it most definitely can along with a variety of other virues, bacteria, and helminths.

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111
Q
A
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112
Q

What is the difference between hard and soft ticks regarding their life stages?

A

Hard ticks larva, nymph and adults feed only once and the female will lay a huge batch of eggs once and then die.

Soft ticks have a larva and a 2-8 stage nymphal stage. Adult female feeds many times and lays small batches of eggs repeatedly

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113
Q

What is the common name of Amblyomma americanum?

A

Lone Star Tick

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114
Q

Name 2 species of Sucking Lice

A

Haematopinus

Linognathus

115
Q

What Helminth is transmitted by blackflies? Also, what is there scientific name?

A

Blackflies transmit the helminth Onchocerca

Their scientific name is Simulium

116
Q

Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name

A

The Blackfly

Also known as, Simulium spp

117
Q

Gasterophilus is also known as what and what species would you find them in and where in that species would they be?

A

It is known as a bot fly,

bot fly eggs are layed on horse hair (usually around their feet/legs) horses lick them and swallow the eggs where in the stomach on the non glandular side the larvae will reside near the margo plicatus.

118
Q

Identify this tick by its common and scientific name

A

Ixodes scapularis AKA Blacklegged tick

Vector for babesia mircroti and Borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of lyme disease)

119
Q

If an animal is diagnosed with generalized demodicosis what may that indicate?

A

That the animal may have an inherited immunological defect

(cell mediated immunodeficiency)

120
Q

What is the common name of Amblyomma americanum?

A

Lone Star Tick

121
Q

Glossina transmit what important diease, and what is the common name for this fly?

A

African Sleeping Sickness (trypanososmiasis)

Also known as the Tsetse Fly

122
Q

What do sucking lice feed on?

A

Blood and tissue fluids

123
Q

Name the three soft ticks (give both scientific and common name)

A
  1. Argas persicus: Chicken Tick
  2. Otobius megnini: Spinous Ear Tick
  3. Ornithodorous coriaceus: Pajahuello Tick
124
Q

What are symptoms of Babesia?

A

Anemia, hemogloinuria, high fever and death can occur

125
Q

What active ingredient in a louse treatment is considered a “catacide”?

A

Anything that contains pyrethroids, permethrin..etc.

(advantix)

126
Q

What is the common name for Simulium?

A

Blackflies

127
Q

What is the common name for D. albipictus?

A

Winter, Ghost, or Moose tick (1 host tick)

128
Q

What is the most severe form of Demodex infection?

A

Pustular Form: severe form of demodicosis, which follows bacterial invasion of the lesions, often by staphylococci. The skin becomes thickened and wrinkled, with small pustules, which ooze with serum, pus and blood. Affected dogs have an offensive odor and are difficult to treat.

129
Q

What are some major effects of chewing lice?

A

Irritation of the skin, feather damage, hair loss.

Note: chewing lice are not as good of vectors as sucking lice because there is little to no blood exchange

130
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor Variabilis?

A

The American Dog Tick

131
Q

Identify this Mite

A

Sarcoptes

132
Q

How many legs does an adult tick have?

A

8 legs

133
Q

Which non-biting fly creates wounds in an animal?

A

Screw worms! Their Larva that is

134
Q

List 4 genera where the anal grove is posterior to the anus

A

Dermacentor

Haemphysalis

Rhipicephalus

Ancentor

135
Q

How long can a larval soft tick live unfed?

A

~ 8 Months

136
Q

The horse flies scientific name is?

A

Tabanus spp.

137
Q

What is this?

A

A nit on a strand of hair

138
Q

Identify this fly by both its names

A

Sheep Ked, Melophagus ovinus

139
Q

Which species can only sucking lice be found?

A

PIGS

140
Q

Identify this fly by its common name and name the most important genera

A

This is the Mosquito

Genera: Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes

141
Q

Name the 4 most important Genera of ixodidae ticks

A
  1. Dermacentor
  2. Rhipicephalus
  3. Ixodes
  4. Amblyomma
    (5. Boophilus 6. Haemaphysalis)
142
Q

List 4 Three host tick genera

A

Ixodes

Haemaphysalis

Amblyomma

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus

143
Q

What is one way to tell the difference between male and female ticks?

A

Males are usually more ornate looking than females

144
Q

Identify this tick by both the common and scientific name

A

Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky mountain Wood Tick (3 host tick)

145
Q

What do chewing lice feed on?

A

Hair, feathers, epidermis,

146
Q

What are the hosts for Demodex?

A

All domestic mammals and humans

147
Q

For the following mites, Please list whether the pedicles are long or short; jointed or unjointed

Psoroptes

Sarcoptes

Chorioptes

Otodectes Cynotis

Notoedres

A

Psoroptes: Long & Jointed Pedicles

Sarcoptes: Long, straight & unjointed pedicles

Chorioptes: NO pedicles, sucker on leg

Otodectes cynotis: Short Pedicles

Notoedres: Long and Straight Pedicles (sarcoptic like)

148
Q

Identify this tick by both the Scientific and common name

A

Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American Dog Tick (3 hosts tick)

149
Q

Identify this tick by both its common and scientific name

A

Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American dog Tick

(ornate with festoons) midwest–>east coast–>south (CA)

150
Q

Haematobia commonly transmits what parasite?

A

Stephanofilaria stilesi in cattle

Note: remember this is the little horn fly that likes to spend its life on a cow :)

151
Q

True or False: Male ticks suck blood

A

False: only the females are blood suckers

152
Q

How do you diagnosis demodex?

A

By a deep skin scraping..Need to see some blood. Be sure to scrape at the edge of the scales

153
Q

What is the common name for stomoxys spp?

A

The stable fly

154
Q

How do fleas cause disease?

A

They are blood sucking ectoparasites.

Cause anemia, and may cause flea bite dermatitis (miliary dermatitis)

this may result in pruritus, alopecia, licking, chewing, nervousness, and poor production

155
Q

HOw do flies cause decreased productivity in animals?

A

They annoy the animals, stress them by biting and feeding on them (can also cause a hypersentivity reaction) which causes the animals to not want to eat and due to the stress results in decreased productivity.

156
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name and describe how many hosts these ticks have?

A

Ixodes pacificus AKA western blacklegged tick

3 host tick (likes many species Rodents, lizards, rabbits, birds, pets, etc)

Transmits Lyme disease, tularemia, rickettsia (rocky mountain spotted fever)

157
Q

Is this a hard or soft tick?

A

Hard Tick

Notice the scutum and the anteriorly placed gnathosoma

158
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific name and common name

A

Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

(very ornate looking tick with festoons)

159
Q

What is the common name for Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?

What disease does this tick act as a vector for?

A

Rabbit Tick and is a important vector for Rocky spotted fever and tularemia among wild animals.

160
Q

What drug used in the killing of ticks is also detrimental to cats?

A

Pyrethroids

161
Q

What are the life stages of a mite?

A

Egg–>larvae–>Nymph–>Adult

162
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name?

A

Amblyomma maculatum: Gulf Coast Tick

(in the gulf coast)

163
Q

What fly causes myasis in horses?

A

Gastrophilus, BOT fly

164
Q

True or False: Soft Ticks have a Scutum

A

False: Hard Ticks have a scutum while soft ticks do not

165
Q

Which parasite is commonly transmitted by Aedes?

Hint: there is more than one

A

Heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitus)

Plasmodium parasites

Malaria, WEE, VEE, EEE

Wuchererias brugia

166
Q

Name the three soft ticks (give both scientific and common name)

A
  1. Argas persicus: Chicken Tick
  2. Otobius megnini: Spinous Ear Tick
  3. Ornithodorous coriaceus: Pajahuello Tick
167
Q

What fly remains on the host after feeding 95% of the time?

A

Haematobia spp. AKA the HORN fly

(They really like Cows because they have horns)

168
Q

Ixodes species of ticks have a defining characteristic, what is that?

A

They have very large palps and hypostome in comparison to their basis capitulum

No festoons, anal groove anterior to anus

Not ornate usually

169
Q

What fly causes myasis in sheep?

A

Blowflies (calliphoridae) or Oestrus ovis (sheep nose bots, nasal bots)

170
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor andersoni tick?

A

Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

171
Q

What is the common name for Dermacentor andersoni tick?

A

Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

172
Q

Are mites an insect or an arachnid? How can you tell?

A

Mites are an arachnid because they have 8 legs

173
Q

What is a general characteristic of horse flies (tabanus)?

A

They are larger and darker than a deer fly, and they have clear-brown wings

174
Q

What economic issue to warble flies present?

A

They can result in production loss as they can cause the cows to become extremely restless, resulting in decreased meat and milk production. They can cause a herd to panic and injure themselves on barbed wire or other obstacles. The biggest economic loss has been attributed to these parasites as a result of down grading and the condemnation f hides that have been perforated by the larvae. there is also a loss of meat caused by the extra trimming of carcasses that have been damaged by larval migration.

Larvae that die in the tissues can also release a higly toxic proteolysin which can result in paraplegia if larvae are near the spinal canal, or impaired regurgitation and bloat if larvae are around he esophagus.

175
Q

Name two Genera that are missing festoons?

A

Boophilus

Ixodes

176
Q

Identify these flies from left to right

A

Left: Musca

Middle: Stable Fly (stomoxy)

Right: Haematobia (horn fly)

177
Q

Which of the following are species specific?

A. Chorioptes

B. Sarcoptes

C. Psoroptes

A

B. Sarcoptes

(bois, equi, ovis, caprae, SUIS, CANIS

178
Q

What is the common name for D. nitens?

A

Tropical HOrse Tick (1 host tick)

179
Q

Identify this mite as a Chewing or sucking lice?

A

Chewing

Notice the square head with big jaws

180
Q

What is the common name for the fannia sclarais fly?

A

The latrine fly

181
Q

If looking for Stomoxy eggs, where would you look?

A

The stable lfy lays eggs in moist, deaying vegetable matter (farm buildings, hay, etc)

182
Q

Where do female haematobia flies lay their eggs?

A

In FRESH Feces

183
Q

Where is Rhipicephalus sanguineus found?

A

Everywhere in the USA. Its common name isthe brown dog tick

184
Q

Trypanosomiasis common name is called what, and it is transmitted by what type of fly?

A

African Sleeping Sickness and it is transmitted by the Tsetse fly (Glossina genus)

185
Q

Of the following flies, which are biting flies?

Aedes spp. adult

Tabanus spp. Adult

Stomoxys spp. Adult

Haematobia spp. Adult

Calliphora spp. adult

Melophagus ovinus adult

A

Aedes spp.

Tabanus spp.

Stomoxys spp.

Haematobia spp.

Melophagus ovinus

186
Q

What is the Army tank of mites?

A

Chyletiella

187
Q

Oestrus ovis is also known as what?

A

Nasal Bot flies

188
Q

Where would you find mosquito larvae and pupae?

A

Near the surface of warm, shallow, stagnant water

189
Q

Chyletiella prefers what species?

A

CATS

190
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name?

A

Amblyomma maculatum: Gulf Coast Tick

(in the gulf coast)

191
Q

Name the Types of Ticks

A

Argasidae: Soft Ticks

Ixodidae: Hard Ticks

192
Q

What is the vector for this worm?

A

The common House fly

Musca Domestica

193
Q

What is the life cycle of a warble fly? (hypoderma)

A

egg–>larva (grub or maggot) where they migrate to the tissue on a the back of a cow–> then they moult ot L3 and after 5-11 weeks the mature larvae emerge through the skin and drop to the gound–>The grubs will be gone fomr the back by april or may and the mature larvae pupate in the soil–>the adults emerge in 1-3 months.

194
Q

What tick is this?

A

Boophilus

195
Q

Which fly transmits leishmania in dogs?

A

The Sand Fly or Phlebotomus fly

196
Q

What disease are transmitted by fleas?

A

Yersinia Pestis

Tularemia

Myxomatosis

197
Q

Why are biting flies often a better vector of pathogenic organisms than non-biting flies?

A

Because they break skin and feed on the blood of a host, resulting in an exchange from the fly to the host;therefore making them a better vectors

198
Q

Which type of lice cannot be killed with injectable or oral medications?

A

CHEWING lice

They don’t suck blood and therefore don’t have access to the antiparasitic

199
Q

Identify this Mite

A

Psoroptes

200
Q

Is this a hard or soft tick?

A

Hard Tick

Notice the scutum and the anteriorly placed gnathosoma

201
Q

Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name

A

This is a no-see-um or biting fly

Culicoides spp.

202
Q

Identify this fly by its common and scientific name?

A

This is the Deer Fly or Chrysops fly

203
Q

Name the parasites which are commonly transmitted by Stomoxys spp.? What is this flies common name?

A

This fly transmits a stomach worm to horses called Habronema (summer sores)

Also, Known as a STABLE fly

204
Q

What is the common name for dermacentor occidentalis tick?

A

Pacific coast tick

205
Q

Identify this tick by its common and scientific name

A

Ixodes scapularis AKA Blacklegged tick

Vector for babesia mircroti and Borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of lyme disease)

206
Q

Identify this tick by both the common and scientific name

A

Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky mountain Wood Tick (3 host tick)

207
Q

What is a Nit?

A

It is a Louse egg on hair

208
Q

Which mite is also known as “walking dander?”

A

Chyletiella

209
Q

What viruses are transmitted by Simulium flies?

A

EEE, WEE, VEE, and cesicular stomatitis

210
Q

What are distinguishing morphological characteristics of a blow fly have?

A

Caliphoridae is the family

They have sponging mouthparts and distinct dorsal bristles on the throax, as well as a distinct metallic coloring

211
Q

Name two 1 host ticks discussed in lab or class

A

Boophilus ticks

Dermacentor Ticks

212
Q

What is the life stages of Lice?

A

Egg–>Seveal Nymphal stages–>Adult–>

213
Q

Label the parts of a tick

A
214
Q

Pneumonyssus is commonly know as what? and what species does it infect?

A

Nasal Mites that infect Cats and Dogs

215
Q

Identify this mite

A

Chorioptes

216
Q

What disease was Boophilus known to transmit?

A

Babesiosis

217
Q

How was babesiosis eradicated from the US?

A

Because babesiosis was transmitted by the boophilus tick which is a 1 host tick we were able to treat the hosts of the tick in order to eliminate the tick and therefore eliminate the disease

(tick riders would look for the ticks on cattle and if found the cows were dipped in a bath)

218
Q

What are two common names for Culocoides flies?

A

Biting Midges, no-see-ums

219
Q

What protozoal parasites are transmitted by Chrysops flies?

A

Trypanosomiasis, Anaplasmosis

220
Q

What is the best treatment protocol for fleas?

A

Treat the animal, treat their bedding, and treat the environment

221
Q

Describe the life cycle of Hypoderma spp. and what is their common name?

A

Warble or heel Flies

Flies are only active in warm weather. They do not have functional mouthparts; therefore they live for only about 1 week, during which time they mate and lay up to 500 eggs, preferably on cattle. Female flies attach their eggs to hairs around the hocks ad on the lower parts of the body.

In april in CA, these flies lay eggs in April. Small first stage larvae hatch within a few days, burrow into the skin and begin their migration towards their winter “resting sites”; H. Lineatum to the submucosa of the esophagus and H. bovis to the epidural fat in the spinal canal. After a period of several months, the larvae (L2) migrate to the subQ tissue of the back where they moult to L3 which can be palpated as distinct swellings (“warbles”). After 5-11 weeks the mature larvae emerge through the skin and drop to the ground. Warbles of H. Lineatum begin to appear in mid-Nov. reaching a peak in Jan. to Feb. Hypoderma bovis occurs approx. 1 to 1 1/2 months later. The grubs will be gone from the back by april or may. The mature larvae pupate in the soil and the adults emerge in 1-3 months.

222
Q

What is “sweet itch” and which biting fly is implicated?

A

It is an intensely pruritic skin disease of horses caused by culicoides (biting midges, no-see-ums)

223
Q

Describe clinical signs of demodex infestation

A

Alopecia in focal areas, scaling, plugging, erythema, hyperpigmentation

224
Q

How was babesiosis eradicated from the US?

A

Because babesiosis was transmitted by the boophilus tick which is a 1 host tick we were able to treat the hosts of the tick in order to eliminate the tick and therefore eliminate the disease

(tick riders would look for the ticks on cattle and if found the cows were dipped in a bath)

225
Q

Which stage of Chiggers feed on people?

A

The nymphal stage

226
Q

Identify this Mite

A

Notoedres

Please note the resemblance to Sarcoptes (this is a sarcoptic like mite)

227
Q

Identify this fly by both of its names (common, scientific)

A

Tabanus fly, or the HORSE fly

228
Q

The mouthparts of the musca spp. are for what action?

A

Sponging on a variety of animal secretions and organic material

229
Q

Label the parts of a tick

A
230
Q

What are symptoms of Babesia?

A

Anemia, hemogloinuria, high fever and death can occur

231
Q

What type of mouth parts do srewworm larvae have?

A

They have sharp, pointed oral hoooks that tear flesh and enlarge the infested wound

(castration wounds, sheering and dehorning, wire cuts, puncture wonds, umblical cord of young animals and as well as tick and fly bites.

232
Q

What are some predisposing conditions for demodex infestation?

A

Breed predisposition

Short or long hair

Genetics (immunodeficiency)

Nutrition

Parasites

Depressed immune system

Steroids (tumors, stress)

Estrus

Parturition

233
Q

Besides acting as vectors how else can these pathogenic parasites cause diease or damage their host?

A

Anemia (blood loss)

Hypersensitivity reaction (summer sores, sweet itch)

Myiasis (larva infestation)

Cause damage by just biting tissue

234
Q

True or False: Boophilus has festoons as an identifying marker

A

False: Boophilus does not have festoons. (As well as Ixodes)

235
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name

A

Ornithodorus coriaceus AKA Pajhuello tick

Causes foothill abortion (epizootic bovine abortion)

BIG ticks!!

236
Q

If you have a large animal with demodicosis what should you do?

A

CULL!!!

These animals are usually immunodeficient, and you don’t want to breed these genetics

237
Q

A Tabanid fly consists of which flies?

A

Tabanus (Horse Fly)

Chrysops (Deer Fly)

Haematopota

238
Q

List several dieases that mosquitoes act as vectors for, be that mechanical or biological?

A

Heartworm, Malaria, West Nile virus, EEE, WEE, VEE, myxomatosis, dengue, Rift valley fever, human filarial nematodes, etc.

239
Q

Between fleas and lice, which are host specific, or are both of them?

A

Lice are host specific always.

Fleas may have some host specificity but not much

240
Q

What drug used in the killing of ticks is also detrimental to cats?

A

Pyrethroids

241
Q

When choosing a louse treatment medication, what is a characterisitic you want it to have and why?

A

You want it to have residual effects, because you want it too kill the current adult lice and then last long enough to kill the newly developed adult lice that were just eggs at the time of treatment.

242
Q

Name some general morpholical characteristics of a Stable fly (stomoxys spp.)?

A

They have foward projecting probescis, short/broad abdomen, 3 dark spots on the 2nd and 3rd abdominal segment

243
Q

How long can a nymphal staged soft tick live when unfed?

A

~6 Months

244
Q

What is it called when you have a large group of ectoparasites present on an animal?

A

its called an INFESTION, not an infection, because they are external parasites, not internal

245
Q

True or False: Boophilus ticks are not reportable

A

FALSE: all boophilus ticks are reportable because they are important in the transmission of Babesia in Cattle

246
Q

What is the common name for dermacentor occidentalis tick?

A

Pacific coast tick

247
Q

Describe the life cycle of Oestrus Ovis? What is the common name for this fly?

A

Sheep nose bots, Nasal bots

The adults have no functional mouthparts and live only 1 day to 2 weeks. Female flies fairly host specific and deposit their larvae (up to 500) around he nasal openings of sheep. female fly squirts a jet of liquied, containing up to 25 larvae at the nostrils during flight. After deposition the small larvae migrate through the nasal passages towards the frontal sinuses, they feed on mucus secreations stimulated by their presence in the nasal passages and molt to L2 before reaching the sinuses. After motling to 3rd stage larvae they matrue rapidly in the frontal sinuses before returning to the nasal passages. In cool or cold weather the L1 and L2 become dormant and they overwinter in nasal passages, only moving o sinuses in the spring. third stage larvae leave the sinuses fall to the ground and pupate. pupal stage lasts about 15-60 days or may be maintained over the winter

248
Q

Haematobia spp. is the scientific name for which fly?

A

The HOrn Fly

249
Q

Identify this tick by both its common and scientific name

A

Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American dog Tick

(ornate with festoons) midwest–>east coast–>south (CA)

250
Q

Identify this louse as a Chewer or a Sucker

A

Sucker

Notice the hyperdermic needle head and the highly developed claws

251
Q

How long can an adult unfed soft tick live?

A

~2 years

252
Q

What protozoal parasites are transmitted by culicoides flies?

A

Blue Tongue and Haemoproteus

253
Q

True or False: Boophilus has festoons as an identifying marker

A

False: Boophilus does not have festoons. (As well as Ixodes)

254
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus AKA Brown Dog Tick (3 host tick) These are big ticks!

255
Q

What are some ways to reduce the fly population or protect our animals?

A

Fly sprays, fly masks, clean up manure, fly tags, insectacides, fly wasps, etc

256
Q

Otodectes cynotis likes to mostly infect what species?

A

CATS!!!

257
Q

If looking for Calliphora eggs, where would you look? What type of flies are these?

A

These are non-biting lfies, and you would want to look in wounds, soiled fleece and on dead animals (likes dead tissue)

Note: This is the blue bottle fly, which is a BLOWFLY

REMEMBER: BLOWflies like to be in dead, or decomposing organic matter

258
Q

How long can an adult unfed soft tick live?

A

~2 years

259
Q

Name two Genera that are missing festoons?

A

Boophilus

Ixodes

260
Q

Identify the genera of these ticks?

A

Tick on the Left: Rhipicephalus

(2 Ps=2 points)

Tick on the Right: Dermacentor

(Rectangular basis capitulum)

261
Q

Which Louse is one of the largest?

A

Haematopinus SUIS

They are almost the size of ticks

262
Q

What is a good way to combate horn flies?

and why is it a good way to fight them?

A

also known as haematobia spp.

Combat them with fly tags, because these genera of flies are found 95% on the host

263
Q

Identify both of these ticks

A

ON the left: Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick)

On the right: Ixodes affinis

264
Q

Which genera’s anal grove is located anterior to the anus?

A

Ixodes

265
Q

Ixodes species of ticks have a defining characteristic, what is that?

A

They have very large palps and hypostome in comparison to their basis capitulum

No festoons, anal groove anterior to anus

Not ornate usually

266
Q

Dermanyssus prefers to infect what species?

A

BIRDS

BUT they like to bite everyone!

267
Q

Which fly causes myasis in cats and dogs?

A

Mostly Cuterebra (Rodent bot fly)

268
Q

Which feces does the common house fly prefer?

A

Horse–>pig–>chicken–>cow–>human–>garbage

269
Q

What type of tick is Argas persicus? How do you manage it?

A

Soft tick that feeds on Chickens. Manage by pesticide fumigation

270
Q

What diseases are are transmitted by adult house flies?

A

They mechanically transmit viruses, bacteria, helminths and protozoa either by carrying the organism on the hairs of their feet and body or by regurgitating them in their saliva during feeding.

They may act as intermediate hosts for helminths such as Raillietina spp. and HABRONEMA spp. (Summer sores in horses)

They also cause fly worry most commonly, and can be a mechanical vector for moraxella bovis which is the causing infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or “pink eye” of cattle.

They are also intermediate hosts of parafilaria bovicola and the eye worm (thelazia californiensis)

271
Q

What is another name for Aedes spp?

A

The Mosquito

272
Q

List 4 genera where the anal grove is posterior to the anus

A

Dermacentor

Haemphysalis

Rhipicephalus

Ancentor

273
Q

What is the difference between hard and soft ticks regarding their life stages?

A

Hard ticks larva, nymph and adults feed only once and the female will lay a huge batch of eggs once and then die.

Soft ticks have a larva and a 2-8 stage nymphal stage. Adult female feeds many times and lays small batches of eggs repeatedly

274
Q

Identify the genera of these ticks?

A

Tick on the Left: Rhipicephalus

(2 Ps=2 points)

Tick on the Right: Dermacentor

(Rectangular basis capitulum)

275
Q

If looking for Melophagus eggs, where would you look?

A

This is a trick question because melophagus flies don’t lay eggs.

They are viviparous, therefore they lay larva which you can find in the wool of sheep :)

276
Q

How many legs does a larval mite have?

A

6 legs

277
Q

What helminth is transmitted by culicoides?

A

Dipetalonema, and Onchocerca (Legworms)

278
Q

Ctenocephalidaes attack what species?

A

Dogs and cats

279
Q

Which fly has one of the shortest life cycles and what is important for the life cycle?

A

The common house fly or Musca spp. Its about 1-2 weeks and is temperature dependent

280
Q

What are effective treatments of Sarcoptic Mange?

A

Fipronil and Selamectin (Revolution)

281
Q

Which of the following are always host specific?

A. Mites

B. Ticks

C. Lice

D. Fleas

A

C. Lice

They are very host specific, they may bite another species, but they won’t reproduce on them.

282
Q

What is an important treatment step of Ticks?

A

MANUAL REMOVAL!!

283
Q

Which species do you not use pour ons on?

A

SHEEP

284
Q

Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name

A

Ornithodorus coriaceus AKA Pajhuello tick

Causes foothill abortion (epizootic bovine abortion)

BIG ticks!!

Parasitology (5 decks)

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