Parasitology Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What type of tick is Argas persicus? How do you manage it?
A
Soft tick that feeds on Chickens. Manage by pesticide fumigation
2
Q
What is the key to fly prevention?
A
SANITATION
3
Q
What is the common name for D. albipictus?
A
Winter, Ghost, or Moose tick (1 host tick)
4
Q
What is the definition of a one host tick?
A
It means that all the life stages of a tick occur on a single host.
5
Q
What tick is this?
A
Boophilus
6
Q
What is an important treatment step of Ticks?
A
MANUAL REMOVAL!!
7
Q
Identify this tick: What regarding its life stages are important?
A
This is a spinose Ear Tick AKA Otobius megnini
Adults are not parasitic
8
Q
If looking for Haematobia eggs, where would you look?
A
Horn flies like to lay their eggs in FRESH feces aka cowpies :)
9
Q
Which phases of the blowflies is parasitic?
A
Sheep phase: larval phase!
Adults are not parasitic, or pupae (live in soil)
10
Q
Cochliomyia like to lay their eggs where? What type of fly are these?
A
Non-biting flies also known as Screw Worm flies and they lay their eggs on the edges of frewsh wounds
11
Q
True or False: Male ticks suck blood
A
False: only the females are blood suckers
12
Q
List several ways that ticks can cause or contribute to disease
A
- Exanguination: Anemia (argas, boophilus, dermacentor)
- Bite wounds provide entry for secondary invaders
- Dermatoses (itch, scratch, weight loss)
- Paralysis via a neurotoxin (argas, dermacentor, amblomma, rhipicephalus, ixodes)
- Toxicosis: tissue/humoral toxin (hyalomma, rhipicephalus)
- Diease Transmission:
a. protozoa: babesia, theileria
b. Rickettsia: Q fever, RMSF, anaplasma, ehrlichia, heartwater
c. Bacteria: Tularemia, Borrelia
Virus: Colorado Tick Fever
13
Q
Why are many of the biting flies often found near water?
A
Because they lay their eggs either on the water, on plants near the edges of water sources, etc.
14
Q
Please Match Mallophaga and Anoplura with their prospective titles: Chewing or Sucker
A
Mallophaga: CHEWER
ANOPLURA: SUCKER
15
Q
Name three unique characteristics of a sheep ked
A
- They live entirely on the host
- They are viviparous (females don’t lay eggs, they carry their young inside them)
- Both Genders Suck blood
- They are a WING-LESS fly
16
Q
What are the major effects of sucking lice?
A
Anemia, hypoproteinemia, vector bloodborne pathogens, may cause allergic reactions.
17
Q
How long can a nymphal staged soft tick live when unfed?
A
~6 Months
18
Q
True or False: Obligate myiasis causing fly don’t require a specific host
A
FALSE: Obligate means that they do require a specific host in order to survive. An example ofthese would be screw worm larva
19
Q
What cells does Babesia Bigemina and Babesia Bovis infect in cattle?
A
erythrocytes
20
Q
What morphological features can be used to identify biting flies?
A
Adult flies have a pair of long, jointed antennae and segmented maxillary palps.
Often times only the females are parasitic with piercing/sucking mouthparts
21
Q
Which genera of ticks lacks an anal grove?
A
Amblyomma and Boophilus
22
Q
What is considered the first flies to arrive at a carcass?
A
Blowflies!
23
Q
What is the common name for D. nitens?
A
Tropical HOrse Tick (1 host tick)
24
Q
If you were to guess, what type of flies are these?
Hint: this is a cow
A
Horn fly
Haematobia spp.
25
Name two 1 host ticks discussed in lab or class
Boophilus ticks
Dermacentor Ticks
26
What helminths are transmitted by Deer flies? What is its scientific name?
They transmit Eleophora schneideri (carotid worm of deer), and the screw worm fly strike point
Chrysops
27
What is the common name for Dermacentor nitens?
The tropical horse tick (excellent vector for equine babesiosis)
28
True or False: Soft Ticks have a Scutum
False: Hard Ticks have a scutum while soft ticks do not
29
Which active ingredient is great against Haematobia?
IVERMECTIN products
30
Trichodectes Lice infect what species of animal?
DOGS
31
What is the term for a Louse Infection?
Pediculosis
32
Name the Types of Ticks
Argasidae: Soft Ticks
Ixodidae: Hard Ticks
33
Identify this tick by its scientific and common name
dermecentor occidentalis AKA Pacific Coast Tick (3 host tick)
34
Where do you primarily find demodex?
In the hair follicles
35
Are ticks an insect or an arachnid?
Arachnid, they have 8 legs as an adult
36
Musca domestica also known as the common house fly prefers to lay their eggs where?
In fresh horse or cow manure
37
Identify this tick by both the Scientific and common name
Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American Dog Tick (3 hosts tick)
38
We learned about two flies that are viviparous what were they?
melophagus ovinus (sheep ked)
Glossina spp. (tsetse fly)
39
Calliphorid larvae are found where?
in wounds, soiled fleece, and dead animals
40
True of False: Calliphora spp. is a biting fly
FALSE
Calliphora, also known as the blue bottle fly, is a non-biting fly
41
What mite is known as the Scaley leg mite or beak mite?
Cnemidcoptes
42
Cochliomya hominovorax is also know as?
Screwworm fly
Non-biting fly
43
What are good treatments for ear mites in cats?
Acarexx, Melbemite, Revolution
44
Do cattle with demodicosis show the same clinical signs as dogs?
Yes, but usually only the generalized form with alopecia, redness, pruritic..
45
Identify this Mite
Chyletiella
46
What is a defining morphological feature of Melophagus ovinus? What is the common name?
It is a wing-less fly also known as a sheep ked
47
What are some general morphological characteristics of the haematobia aka the horn fly?
They are small, grey with several dark stripes on the thorax, long palps
48
Name the 4 most important Genera of ixodidae ticks
1. Dermacentor
2. Rhipicephalus
3. Ixodes
4. Amblyomma
(5. Boophilus 6. Haemaphysalis)
49
How many legs does an adult tick have?
8 legs
50
Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name
Stable Fly, Stomoxys spp.
51
How long on average is a mites life cycle? Who lives longer, mites or ticks?
Between 7-28 days. Ticks live longer than mites do.
52
Identify both of these ticks
ON the left: Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick)
On the right: Ixodes affinis
53
Echidnophago attacks mainly what species?
Fowl
54
Haematobia transmits which filarial worm?
Stephanofilaria
55
HOw can you distinguish the larvae of cochliomyia hominovorax from other calliphorid larvae?
Cochliomyia hominovorax also known as the screwworm fly larva have sharp oral hooks while calliphorid flies also known as blowflies have sponging mouthparts
56
Name 3 species of Chewing Lice
Trichodectes
Felicola
Bovicola
57
What fly causes myasis in Cattle?
Hypoderma also known as "heel or Warble" flies
58
What is in place to control the Boophilus ticks?
Tick Riders that survey imported cattle and there is a live vaccine based on avirulent strains
59
Hypoderma is also known as what, and where would you see the eggs of these?
Also known as the heel or warble fly, and they prefer to attach their eggs to hairs aorund the hocks and on the lower parts of the body of cattle
60
What is the common name for Dermacentor nitens?
The tropical horse tick (excellent vector for equine babesiosis)
61
List several ways that ticks can cause or contribute to disease
1. Exanguination: Anemia (argas, boophilus, dermacentor)
2. Bite wounds provide entry for secondary invaders
3. Dermatoses (itch, scratch, weight loss)
4. Paralysis via a neurotoxin (argas, dermacentor, amblomma, rhipicephalus, ixodes)
5. Toxicosis: tissue/humoral toxin (hyalomma, rhipicephalus)
6. Diease Transmission:
a. protozoa: babesia, theileria
b. Rickettsia: Q fever, RMSF, anaplasma, ehrlichia, heartwater
c. Bacteria: Tularemia, Borrelia
Virus: Colorado Tick Fever
62
Myxomatosis is transmitted via two vectors, what are they?
Mosquitoes, and fleas
63
What is the common name for Dermacentor Albipictus?
the Winter tick or moose tick
64
How long can a larval soft tick live unfed?
~ 8 Months
65
Identify this tick by its scientific and common name
dermecentor occidentalis AKA Pacific Coast Tick (3 host tick)
66
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name and describe how many hosts these ticks have?
Ixodes pacificus AKA western blacklegged tick
3 host tick (likes many species Rodents, lizards, rabbits, birds, pets, etc)
Transmits Lyme disease, tularemia, rickettsia (rocky mountain spotted fever)
67
What protozoal parasties is transmitted by Simulium flies?
Avian Leucocytozoon
68
Where on the host will you find fleas?
On skin and hair and feathers.
Female echidnophagia may be found burrowing into the skin.
69
True or False: Lice prefer Warm Weather
False: They are commonly found in the cool/cold weather
70
What mite causes SCABIES?
Psoroptes in cattle
THIS is a reportable mite in livestock
Sarcoptes in all animals is called scabies as well
71
Identify this tick with the common and scientific name
Boophilus annulatus AKA the N. American Cattle Tick
72
List the 3 burrowing mites
1. Sarcoptes
2. Notoedres
3. Demodex
73
What is one way to tell the difference between male and female ticks?
Males are usually more ornate looking than females
74
What disease was Boophilus known to transmit?
Babesiosis
75
List 4 Three host tick genera
Ixodes
Haemaphysalis
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus
76
Which genera's anal grove is located anterior to the anus?
Ixodes
77
Name the cestode (worm) commonly transmitted by fleas
Diplidium canium
TAPEWORMS
78
True or False: Boophilus ticks are not reportable
FALSE: all boophilus ticks are reportable because they are important in the transmission of Babesia in Cattle
79
80
Identify this tick with the common and scientific name
Boophilus annulatus AKA the N. American Cattle Tick
81
Identify this tick: What regarding its life stages are important?
This is a spinose Ear Tick AKA Otobius megnini
Adults are not parasitic
82
Please give the common name and the scientific name for this tick
Amblyomma americanum AKA the Lone Star Tick
83
What is the common name for Dermacentor Albipictus?
the Winter tick or moose tick
84
What are chiggers a type of?
They are a type of MITE
85
What viral diseases are transmitted by the deer fly? Also, What is the deer fly's scientific name?
Viruses: EIA, Anthrax
Scientific name: Chrysops
86
Where would you find haematobia flies? What is their common name?
They suck blood on CATTLE
Horn fly
87
Where is Rhipicephalus sanguineus found?
Everywhere in the USA. Its common name isthe brown dog tick
88
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name
Rhipicephalus sanguineus AKA Brown Dog Tick (3 host tick) These are big ticks!
89
What is the definition of a one host tick?
It means that all the life stages of a tick occur on a single host.
90
Which genera of ticks lacks an anal grove?
Amblyomma and Boophilus
91
What is in place to control the Boophilus ticks?
Tick Riders that survey imported cattle and there is a live vaccine based on avirulent strains
92
What is the best way to reduce fly populations specifically the Musca spp.?
Spread the feces, or clean it up so that they won't lay their eggs in it
93
What cells does Babesia Bigemina and Babesia Bovis infect in cattle?
erythrocytes
94
What is the common name for Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?
What disease does this tick act as a vector for?
Rabbit Tick and is a important vector for Rocky spotted fever and tularemia among wild animals.
95
True or False: All life stages except for the eggs of fleas are parasitic
FALSE
Only the adults are parasitic
96
Identify this tick by both its scientific name and common name
Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
(very ornate looking tick with festoons)
97
Which fly's larva set up shop after they migrate to the back of the animal? Which species is this a problem in?
Hypoderma (warble flies)
This is a problem in cattle.
98
What is a defining characteristic of Chyletiella?
LARGE palpal hooks near the mouth
99
What is the common name for Dermacentor Variabilis?
The American Dog Tick
100
What are the key characteristics of Biting flies?
They obviously bite, which allows them to take in a blood meal, while also acting as vectors to transmit diseases.
101
Are ticks an insect or an arachnid?
Arachnid, they have 8 legs as an adult
102
Which species can only Chewing lice be found?
BIRDS, and cats
103
What is a unique morphologic characteristic of adult hypoderma spp flies?
They are black and hairy with a yellow striped thorax, resembling a bee, except that they have only one pair of wings.
104
Identify this Mite
Otodectes cynotis
| (cat mite, loves ears!)
105
List some ways to control mosquitoes
106
If looking for tabanus eggs, where would you look?
Horse flies lay their eggs on the vegetation around swamps, ponds, and watering tanks
107
What is the largest mite family?
Chyletidae
108
109
Please give the common name and the scientific name for this tick
Amblyomma americanum AKA the Lone Star Tick
110
True or False: The common house fly can transmit coccidia
True, it most definitely can along with a variety of other virues, bacteria, and helminths.
111
112
What is the difference between hard and soft ticks regarding their life stages?
Hard ticks larva, nymph and adults feed only once and the female will lay a huge batch of eggs once and then die.
Soft ticks have a larva and a 2-8 stage nymphal stage. Adult female feeds many times and lays small batches of eggs repeatedly
113
What is the common name of Amblyomma americanum?
Lone Star Tick
114
Name 2 species of Sucking Lice
Haematopinus
Linognathus
115
What Helminth is transmitted by blackflies? Also, what is there scientific name?
Blackflies transmit the helminth Onchocerca
Their scientific name is Simulium
116
Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name
The Blackfly
Also known as, Simulium spp
117
Gasterophilus is also known as what and what species would you find them in and where in that species would they be?
It is known as a bot fly,
bot fly eggs are layed on horse hair (usually around their feet/legs) horses lick them and swallow the eggs where in the stomach on the non glandular side the larvae will reside near the margo plicatus.
118
Identify this tick by its common and scientific name
Ixodes scapularis AKA Blacklegged tick
Vector for babesia mircroti and Borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of lyme disease)
119
If an animal is diagnosed with generalized demodicosis what may that indicate?
That the animal may have an inherited immunological defect
(cell mediated immunodeficiency)
120
What is the common name of Amblyomma americanum?
Lone Star Tick
121
Glossina transmit what important diease, and what is the common name for this fly?
African Sleeping Sickness (trypanososmiasis)
Also known as the Tsetse Fly
122
What do sucking lice feed on?
Blood and tissue fluids
123
Name the three soft ticks (give both scientific and common name)
1. Argas persicus: Chicken Tick
2. Otobius megnini: Spinous Ear Tick
3. Ornithodorous coriaceus: Pajahuello Tick
124
What are symptoms of Babesia?
Anemia, hemogloinuria, high fever and death can occur
125
What active ingredient in a louse treatment is considered a "catacide"?
Anything that contains pyrethroids, permethrin..etc.
(advantix)
126
What is the common name for Simulium?
Blackflies
127
What is the common name for D. albipictus?
Winter, Ghost, or Moose tick (1 host tick)
128
What is the most severe form of Demodex infection?
Pustular Form: severe form of demodicosis, which follows bacterial invasion of the lesions, often by staphylococci. The skin becomes thickened and wrinkled, with small pustules, which ooze with serum, pus and blood. Affected dogs have an offensive odor and are difficult to treat.
129
What are some major effects of chewing lice?
Irritation of the skin, feather damage, hair loss.
Note: chewing lice are not as good of vectors as sucking lice because there is little to no blood exchange
130
What is the common name for Dermacentor Variabilis?
The American Dog Tick
131
Identify this Mite
Sarcoptes
132
How many legs does an adult tick have?
8 legs
133
Which non-biting fly creates wounds in an animal?
Screw worms! Their Larva that is
134
List 4 genera where the anal grove is posterior to the anus
Dermacentor
Haemphysalis
Rhipicephalus
Ancentor
135
How long can a larval soft tick live unfed?
~ 8 Months
136
The horse flies scientific name is?
Tabanus spp.
137
What is this?
A nit on a strand of hair
138
Identify this fly by both its names
Sheep Ked, Melophagus ovinus
139
Which species can only sucking lice be found?
PIGS
140
Identify this fly by its common name and name the most important genera
This is the Mosquito
Genera: Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes
141
Name the 4 most important Genera of ixodidae ticks
1. Dermacentor
2. Rhipicephalus
3. Ixodes
4. Amblyomma
(5. Boophilus 6. Haemaphysalis)
142
List 4 Three host tick genera
Ixodes
Haemaphysalis
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus
143
What is one way to tell the difference between male and female ticks?
Males are usually more ornate looking than females
144
Identify this tick by both the common and scientific name
Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky mountain Wood Tick (3 host tick)
145
What do chewing lice feed on?
Hair, feathers, epidermis,
146
What are the hosts for Demodex?
All domestic mammals and humans
147
For the following mites, Please list whether the pedicles are long or short; jointed or unjointed
Psoroptes
Sarcoptes
Chorioptes
Otodectes Cynotis
Notoedres
Psoroptes: Long & Jointed Pedicles
Sarcoptes: Long, straight & unjointed pedicles
Chorioptes: NO pedicles, sucker on leg
Otodectes cynotis: Short Pedicles
Notoedres: Long and Straight Pedicles (sarcoptic like)
148
Identify this tick by both the Scientific and common name
Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American Dog Tick (3 hosts tick)
149
Identify this tick by both its common and scientific name
Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American dog Tick
(ornate with festoons) midwest--\>east coast--\>south (CA)
150
Haematobia commonly transmits what parasite?
Stephanofilaria stilesi in cattle
Note: remember this is the little horn fly that likes to spend its life on a cow :)
151
True or False: Male ticks suck blood
False: only the females are blood suckers
152
How do you diagnosis demodex?
By a deep skin scraping..Need to see some blood. Be sure to scrape at the edge of the scales
153
What is the common name for stomoxys spp?
The stable fly
154
How do fleas cause disease?
They are blood sucking ectoparasites.
Cause anemia, and may cause flea bite dermatitis (miliary dermatitis)
this may result in pruritus, alopecia, licking, chewing, nervousness, and poor production
155
HOw do flies cause decreased productivity in animals?
They annoy the animals, stress them by biting and feeding on them (can also cause a hypersentivity reaction) which causes the animals to not want to eat and due to the stress results in decreased productivity.
156
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name and describe how many hosts these ticks have?
Ixodes pacificus AKA western blacklegged tick
3 host tick (likes many species Rodents, lizards, rabbits, birds, pets, etc)
Transmits Lyme disease, tularemia, rickettsia (rocky mountain spotted fever)
157
Is this a hard or soft tick?
Hard Tick
Notice the scutum and the anteriorly placed gnathosoma
158
Identify this tick by both its scientific name and common name
Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
(very ornate looking tick with festoons)
159
What is the common name for Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?
What disease does this tick act as a vector for?
Rabbit Tick and is a important vector for Rocky spotted fever and tularemia among wild animals.
160
What drug used in the killing of ticks is also detrimental to cats?
Pyrethroids
161
What are the life stages of a mite?
Egg--\>larvae--\>Nymph--\>Adult
162
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name?
Amblyomma maculatum: Gulf Coast Tick
| (in the gulf coast)
163
What fly causes myasis in horses?
Gastrophilus, BOT fly
164
True or False: Soft Ticks have a Scutum
False: Hard Ticks have a scutum while soft ticks do not
165
Which parasite is commonly transmitted by Aedes?
Hint: there is more than one
Heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitus)
Plasmodium parasites
Malaria, WEE, VEE, EEE
Wuchererias brugia
166
Name the three soft ticks (give both scientific and common name)
1. Argas persicus: Chicken Tick
2. Otobius megnini: Spinous Ear Tick
3. Ornithodorous coriaceus: Pajahuello Tick
167
What fly remains on the host after feeding 95% of the time?
Haematobia spp. AKA the HORN fly
(They really like Cows because they have horns)
168
Ixodes species of ticks have a defining characteristic, what is that?
They have very large palps and hypostome in comparison to their basis capitulum
No festoons, anal groove anterior to anus
Not ornate usually
169
What fly causes myasis in sheep?
Blowflies (calliphoridae) or Oestrus ovis (sheep nose bots, nasal bots)
170
What is the common name for Dermacentor andersoni tick?
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
171
What is the common name for Dermacentor andersoni tick?
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
172
Are mites an insect or an arachnid? How can you tell?
Mites are an arachnid because they have 8 legs
173
What is a general characteristic of horse flies (tabanus)?
They are larger and darker than a deer fly, and they have clear-brown wings
174
What economic issue to warble flies present?
They can result in production loss as they can cause the cows to become extremely restless, resulting in decreased meat and milk production. They can cause a herd to panic and injure themselves on barbed wire or other obstacles. The biggest economic loss has been attributed to these parasites as a result of down grading and the condemnation f hides that have been perforated by the larvae. there is also a loss of meat caused by the extra trimming of carcasses that have been damaged by larval migration.
Larvae that die in the tissues can also release a higly toxic proteolysin which can result in paraplegia if larvae are near the spinal canal, or impaired regurgitation and bloat if larvae are around he esophagus.
175
Name two Genera that are missing festoons?
Boophilus
Ixodes
176
Identify these flies from left to right
Left: Musca
Middle: Stable Fly (stomoxy)
Right: Haematobia (horn fly)
177
Which of the following are species specific?
A. Chorioptes
B. Sarcoptes
C. Psoroptes
B. Sarcoptes
(bois, equi, ovis, caprae, SUIS, CANIS
178
What is the common name for D. nitens?
Tropical HOrse Tick (1 host tick)
179
Identify this mite as a Chewing or sucking lice?
Chewing
Notice the square head with big jaws
180
What is the common name for the fannia sclarais fly?
The latrine fly
181
If looking for Stomoxy eggs, where would you look?
The stable lfy lays eggs in moist, deaying vegetable matter (farm buildings, hay, etc)
182
Where do female haematobia flies lay their eggs?
In FRESH Feces
183
Where is Rhipicephalus sanguineus found?
Everywhere in the USA. Its common name isthe brown dog tick
184
Trypanosomiasis common name is called what, and it is transmitted by what type of fly?
African Sleeping Sickness and it is transmitted by the Tsetse fly (Glossina genus)
185
Of the following flies, which are biting flies?
Aedes spp. adult
Tabanus spp. Adult
Stomoxys spp. Adult
Haematobia spp. Adult
Calliphora spp. adult
Melophagus ovinus adult
Aedes spp.
Tabanus spp.
Stomoxys spp.
Haematobia spp.
Melophagus ovinus
186
What is the Army tank of mites?
Chyletiella
187
Oestrus ovis is also known as what?
Nasal Bot flies
188
Where would you find mosquito larvae and pupae?
Near the surface of warm, shallow, stagnant water
189
Chyletiella prefers what species?
CATS
190
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name?
Amblyomma maculatum: Gulf Coast Tick
| (in the gulf coast)
191
Name the Types of Ticks
Argasidae: Soft Ticks
Ixodidae: Hard Ticks
192
What is the vector for this worm?
The common House fly
Musca Domestica
193
What is the life cycle of a warble fly? (hypoderma)
egg--\>larva (grub or maggot) where they migrate to the tissue on a the back of a cow--\> then they moult ot L3 and after 5-11 weeks the mature larvae emerge through the skin and drop to the gound--\>The grubs will be gone fomr the back by april or may and the mature larvae pupate in the soil--\>the adults emerge in 1-3 months.
194
What tick is this?
Boophilus
195
Which fly transmits leishmania in dogs?
The Sand Fly or Phlebotomus fly
196
What disease are transmitted by fleas?
Yersinia Pestis
Tularemia
Myxomatosis
197
Why are biting flies often a better vector of pathogenic organisms than non-biting flies?
Because they break skin and feed on the blood of a host, resulting in an exchange from the fly to the host;therefore making them a better vectors
198
Which type of lice cannot be killed with injectable or oral medications?
CHEWING lice
They don't suck blood and therefore don't have access to the antiparasitic
199
Identify this Mite
Psoroptes
200
Is this a hard or soft tick?
Hard Tick
Notice the scutum and the anteriorly placed gnathosoma
201
Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name
This is a no-see-um or biting fly
Culicoides spp.
202
Identify this fly by its common and scientific name?
This is the Deer Fly or Chrysops fly
203
Name the parasites which are commonly transmitted by Stomoxys spp.? What is this flies common name?
This fly transmits a stomach worm to horses called Habronema (summer sores)
Also, Known as a STABLE fly
204
What is the common name for dermacentor occidentalis tick?
Pacific coast tick
205
Identify this tick by its common and scientific name
Ixodes scapularis AKA Blacklegged tick
Vector for babesia mircroti and Borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of lyme disease)
206
Identify this tick by both the common and scientific name
Dermacentor andersoni AKA Rocky mountain Wood Tick (3 host tick)
207
What is a Nit?
It is a Louse egg on hair
208
Which mite is also known as "walking dander?"
Chyletiella
209
What viruses are transmitted by Simulium flies?
EEE, WEE, VEE, and cesicular stomatitis
210
What are distinguishing morphological characteristics of a blow fly have?
Caliphoridae is the family
They have sponging mouthparts and distinct dorsal bristles on the throax, as well as a distinct metallic coloring
211
Name two 1 host ticks discussed in lab or class
Boophilus ticks
Dermacentor Ticks
212
What is the life stages of Lice?
Egg--\>Seveal Nymphal stages--\>Adult--\>
213
Label the parts of a tick
214
Pneumonyssus is commonly know as what? and what species does it infect?
Nasal Mites that infect Cats and Dogs
215
Identify this mite
Chorioptes
216
What disease was Boophilus known to transmit?
Babesiosis
217
How was babesiosis eradicated from the US?
Because babesiosis was transmitted by the boophilus tick which is a 1 host tick we were able to treat the hosts of the tick in order to eliminate the tick and therefore eliminate the disease
(tick riders would look for the ticks on cattle and if found the cows were dipped in a bath)
218
What are two common names for Culocoides flies?
Biting Midges, no-see-ums
219
What protozoal parasites are transmitted by Chrysops flies?
Trypanosomiasis, Anaplasmosis
220
What is the best treatment protocol for fleas?
Treat the animal, treat their bedding, and treat the environment
221
Describe the life cycle of Hypoderma spp. and what is their common name?
Warble or heel Flies
Flies are only active in warm weather. They do not have functional mouthparts; therefore they live for only about 1 week, during which time they mate and lay up to 500 eggs, preferably on cattle. Female flies attach their eggs to hairs around the hocks ad on the lower parts of the body.
In april in CA, these flies lay eggs in April. Small first stage larvae hatch within a few days, burrow into the skin and begin their migration towards their winter "resting sites"; H. Lineatum to the submucosa of the esophagus and H. bovis to the epidural fat in the spinal canal. After a period of several months, the larvae (L2) migrate to the subQ tissue of the back where they moult to L3 which can be palpated as distinct swellings ("warbles"). After 5-11 weeks the mature larvae emerge through the skin and drop to the ground. Warbles of H. Lineatum begin to appear in mid-Nov. reaching a peak in Jan. to Feb. Hypoderma bovis occurs approx. 1 to 1 1/2 months later. The grubs will be gone from the back by april or may. The mature larvae pupate in the soil and the adults emerge in 1-3 months.
222
What is "sweet itch" and which biting fly is implicated?
It is an intensely pruritic skin disease of horses caused by culicoides (biting midges, no-see-ums)
223
Describe clinical signs of demodex infestation
Alopecia in focal areas, scaling, plugging, erythema, hyperpigmentation
224
How was babesiosis eradicated from the US?
Because babesiosis was transmitted by the boophilus tick which is a 1 host tick we were able to treat the hosts of the tick in order to eliminate the tick and therefore eliminate the disease
(tick riders would look for the ticks on cattle and if found the cows were dipped in a bath)
225
Which stage of Chiggers feed on people?
The nymphal stage
226
Identify this Mite
Notoedres
Please note the resemblance to Sarcoptes (this is a sarcoptic like mite)
227
Identify this fly by both of its names (common, scientific)
Tabanus fly, or the HORSE fly
228
The mouthparts of the musca spp. are for what action?
Sponging on a variety of animal secretions and organic material
229
Label the parts of a tick
230
What are symptoms of Babesia?
Anemia, hemogloinuria, high fever and death can occur
231
What type of mouth parts do srewworm larvae have?
They have sharp, pointed oral hoooks that tear flesh and enlarge the infested wound
(castration wounds, sheering and dehorning, wire cuts, puncture wonds, umblical cord of young animals and as well as tick and fly bites.
232
What are some predisposing conditions for demodex infestation?
Breed predisposition
Short or long hair
Genetics (immunodeficiency)
Nutrition
Parasites
Depressed immune system
Steroids (tumors, stress)
Estrus
Parturition
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Besides acting as vectors how else can these pathogenic parasites cause diease or damage their host?
Anemia (blood loss)
Hypersensitivity reaction (summer sores, sweet itch)
Myiasis (larva infestation)
Cause damage by just biting tissue
234
True or False: Boophilus has festoons as an identifying marker
False: Boophilus does not have festoons. (As well as Ixodes)
235
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name
Ornithodorus coriaceus AKA Pajhuello tick
Causes foothill abortion (epizootic bovine abortion)
BIG ticks!!
236
If you have a large animal with demodicosis what should you do?
CULL!!!
These animals are usually immunodeficient, and you don't want to breed these genetics
237
A Tabanid fly consists of which flies?
Tabanus (Horse Fly)
Chrysops (Deer Fly)
Haematopota
238
List several dieases that mosquitoes act as vectors for, be that mechanical or biological?
Heartworm, Malaria, West Nile virus, EEE, WEE, VEE, myxomatosis, dengue, Rift valley fever, human filarial nematodes, etc.
239
Between fleas and lice, which are host specific, or are both of them?
Lice are host specific always.
Fleas may have some host specificity but not much
240
What drug used in the killing of ticks is also detrimental to cats?
Pyrethroids
241
When choosing a louse treatment medication, what is a characterisitic you want it to have and why?
You want it to have residual effects, because you want it too kill the current adult lice and then last long enough to kill the newly developed adult lice that were just eggs at the time of treatment.
242
Name some general morpholical characteristics of a Stable fly (stomoxys spp.)?
They have foward projecting probescis, short/broad abdomen, 3 dark spots on the 2nd and 3rd abdominal segment
243
How long can a nymphal staged soft tick live when unfed?
~6 Months
244
What is it called when you have a large group of ectoparasites present on an animal?
its called an INFESTION, not an infection, because they are external parasites, not internal
245
True or False: Boophilus ticks are not reportable
FALSE: all boophilus ticks are reportable because they are important in the transmission of Babesia in Cattle
246
What is the common name for dermacentor occidentalis tick?
Pacific coast tick
247
Describe the life cycle of Oestrus Ovis? What is the common name for this fly?
Sheep nose bots, Nasal bots
The adults have no functional mouthparts and live only 1 day to 2 weeks. Female flies fairly host specific and deposit their larvae (up to 500) around he nasal openings of sheep. female fly squirts a jet of liquied, containing up to 25 larvae at the nostrils during flight. After deposition the small larvae migrate through the nasal passages towards the frontal sinuses, they feed on mucus secreations stimulated by their presence in the nasal passages and molt to L2 before reaching the sinuses. After motling to 3rd stage larvae they matrue rapidly in the frontal sinuses before returning to the nasal passages. In cool or cold weather the L1 and L2 become dormant and they overwinter in nasal passages, only moving o sinuses in the spring. third stage larvae leave the sinuses fall to the ground and pupate. pupal stage lasts about 15-60 days or may be maintained over the winter
248
Haematobia spp. is the scientific name for which fly?
The HOrn Fly
249
Identify this tick by both its common and scientific name
Dermacentor Variabilis AKA American dog Tick
(ornate with festoons) midwest--\>east coast--\>south (CA)
250
Identify this louse as a Chewer or a Sucker
Sucker
Notice the hyperdermic needle head and the highly developed claws
251
How long can an adult unfed soft tick live?
~2 years
252
What protozoal parasites are transmitted by culicoides flies?
Blue Tongue and Haemoproteus
253
True or False: Boophilus has festoons as an identifying marker
False: Boophilus does not have festoons. (As well as Ixodes)
254
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name
Rhipicephalus sanguineus AKA Brown Dog Tick (3 host tick) These are big ticks!
255
What are some ways to reduce the fly population or protect our animals?
Fly sprays, fly masks, clean up manure, fly tags, insectacides, fly wasps, etc
256
Otodectes cynotis likes to mostly infect what species?
CATS!!!
257
If looking for Calliphora eggs, where would you look? What type of flies are these?
These are non-biting lfies, and you would want to look in wounds, soiled fleece and on dead animals (likes dead tissue)
Note: This is the blue bottle fly, which is a BLOWFLY
REMEMBER: BLOWflies like to be in dead, or decomposing organic matter
258
How long can an adult unfed soft tick live?
~2 years
259
Name two Genera that are missing festoons?
Boophilus
Ixodes
260
Identify the genera of these ticks?
Tick on the Left: Rhipicephalus
(2 Ps=2 points)
Tick on the Right: Dermacentor
(Rectangular basis capitulum)
261
Which Louse is one of the largest?
Haematopinus SUIS
They are almost the size of ticks
262
What is a good way to combate horn flies?
and why is it a good way to fight them?
also known as haematobia spp.
Combat them with fly tags, because these genera of flies are found 95% on the host
263
Identify both of these ticks
ON the left: Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick)
On the right: Ixodes affinis
264
Which genera's anal grove is located anterior to the anus?
Ixodes
265
Ixodes species of ticks have a defining characteristic, what is that?
They have very large palps and hypostome in comparison to their basis capitulum
No festoons, anal groove anterior to anus
Not ornate usually
266
Dermanyssus prefers to infect what species?
BIRDS
BUT they like to bite everyone!
267
Which fly causes myasis in cats and dogs?
Mostly Cuterebra (Rodent bot fly)
268
Which feces does the common house fly prefer?
Horse--\>pig--\>chicken--\>cow--\>human--\>garbage
269
What type of tick is Argas persicus? How do you manage it?
Soft tick that feeds on Chickens. Manage by pesticide fumigation
270
What diseases are are transmitted by adult house flies?
They mechanically transmit viruses, bacteria, helminths and protozoa either by carrying the organism on the hairs of their feet and body or by regurgitating them in their saliva during feeding.
They may act as intermediate hosts for helminths such as Raillietina spp. and HABRONEMA spp. (Summer sores in horses)
They also cause fly worry most commonly, and can be a mechanical vector for moraxella bovis which is the causing infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or "pink eye" of cattle.
They are also intermediate hosts of parafilaria bovicola and the eye worm (thelazia californiensis)
271
What is another name for Aedes spp?
The Mosquito
272
List 4 genera where the anal grove is posterior to the anus
Dermacentor
Haemphysalis
Rhipicephalus
Ancentor
273
What is the difference between hard and soft ticks regarding their life stages?
Hard ticks larva, nymph and adults feed only once and the female will lay a huge batch of eggs once and then die.
Soft ticks have a larva and a 2-8 stage nymphal stage. Adult female feeds many times and lays small batches of eggs repeatedly
274
Identify the genera of these ticks?
Tick on the Left: Rhipicephalus
(2 Ps=2 points)
Tick on the Right: Dermacentor
(Rectangular basis capitulum)
275
If looking for Melophagus eggs, where would you look?
This is a trick question because melophagus flies don't lay eggs.
They are viviparous, therefore they lay larva which you can find in the wool of sheep :)
276
How many legs does a larval mite have?
6 legs
277
What helminth is transmitted by culicoides?
Dipetalonema, and Onchocerca (Legworms)
278
Ctenocephalidaes attack what species?
Dogs and cats
279
Which fly has one of the shortest life cycles and what is important for the life cycle?
The common house fly or Musca spp. Its about 1-2 weeks and is temperature dependent
280
What are effective treatments of Sarcoptic Mange?
Fipronil and Selamectin (Revolution)
281
Which of the following are always host specific?
A. Mites
B. Ticks
C. Lice
D. Fleas
C. Lice
They are very host specific, they may bite another species, but they won't reproduce on them.
282
What is an important treatment step of Ticks?
MANUAL REMOVAL!!
283
Which species do you not use pour ons on?
SHEEP
284
Identify this tick by both its scientific and common name
Ornithodorus coriaceus AKA Pajhuello tick
Causes foothill abortion (epizootic bovine abortion)
BIG ticks!!
