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Parasitology > Biting Flies/ Non-Biting flies > Flashcards

Biting Flies/ Non-Biting flies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key characteristics of Biting flies?

A

They obviously bite, which allows them to take in a blood meal, while also acting as vectors to transmit diseases.

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2
Q

What are two common names for Culocoides flies?

A

Biting Midges, no-see-ums

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3
Q

What protozoal parasites are transmitted by culicoides flies?

A

Blue Tongue and Haemoproteus

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4
Q

What helminth is transmitted by culicoides?

A

Dipetalonema, and Onchocerca (Legworms)

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5
Q

What viruses are transmitted by Simulium flies?

A

EEE, WEE, VEE, and cesicular stomatitis

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6
Q

What is the common name for Simulium?

A

Blackflies

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7
Q

What protozoal parasties is transmitted by Simulium flies?

A

Avian Leucocytozoon

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8
Q

What Helminth is transmitted by blackflies? Also, what is there scientific name?

A

Blackflies transmit the helminth Onchocerca

Their scientific name is Simulium

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9
Q

What viral diseases are transmitted by the deer fly? Also, What is the deer fly’s scientific name?

A

Viruses: EIA, Anthrax

Scientific name: Chrysops

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10
Q

What protozoal parasites are transmitted by Chrysops flies?

A

Trypanosomiasis, Anaplasmosis

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11
Q

Trypanosomiasis common name is called what, and it is transmitted by what type of fly?

A

African Sleeping Sickness and it is transmitted by the Tsetse fly (Glossina genus)

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12
Q

What helminths are transmitted by Deer flies? What is its scientific name?

A

They transmit Eleophora schneideri (carotid worm of deer), and the screw worm fly strike point

Chrysops

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13
Q

Why are biting flies often a better vector of pathogenic organisms than non-biting flies?

A

Because they break skin and feed on the blood of a host, resulting in an exchange from the fly to the host;therefore making them a better vectors

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14
Q

What morphological features can be used to identify biting flies?

A

Adult flies have a pair of long, jointed antennae and segmented maxillary palps.

Often times only the females are parasitic with piercing/sucking mouthparts

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15
Q

HOw do flies cause decreased productivity in animals?

A

They annoy the animals, stress them by biting and feeding on them (can also cause a hypersentivity reaction) which causes the animals to not want to eat and due to the stress results in decreased productivity.

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16
Q

What is “sweet itch” and which biting fly is implicated?

A

It is an intensely pruritic skin disease of horses caused by culicoides (biting midges, no-see-ums)

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17
Q

Why are many of the biting flies often found near water?

A

Because they lay their eggs either on the water, on plants near the edges of water sources, etc.

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18
Q

Of the following flies, which are biting flies?

Aedes spp. adult

Tabanus spp. Adult

Stomoxys spp. Adult

Haematobia spp. Adult

Calliphora spp. adult

Melophagus ovinus adult

A

Aedes spp.

Tabanus spp.

Stomoxys spp.

Haematobia spp.

Melophagus ovinus

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19
Q

What is another name for Aedes spp?

A

The Mosquito

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20
Q

Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name

A

Stable Fly, Stomoxys spp.

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21
Q

The horse flies scientific name is?

A

Tabanus spp.

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22
Q

What is the common name for stomoxys spp?

A

The stable fly

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23
Q

Haematobia spp. is the scientific name for which fly?

A

The HOrn Fly

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24
Q

True of False: Calliphora spp. is a biting fly

A

FALSE

Calliphora, also known as the blue bottle fly, is a non-biting fly

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25
Q

What is a defining morphological feature of Melophagus ovinus? What is the common name?

A

It is a wing-less fly also known as a sheep ked

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26
Q

Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name

A

This is a no-see-um or biting fly

Culicoides spp.

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27
Q

Identify this fly by both its common and scientific name

A

The Blackfly

Also known as, Simulium spp

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28
Q

Identify this fly by its common name and name the most important genera

A

This is the Mosquito

Genera: Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes

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29
Q

List several dieases that mosquitoes act as vectors for, be that mechanical or biological?

A

Heartworm, Malaria, West Nile virus, EEE, WEE, VEE, myxomatosis, dengue, Rift valley fever, human filarial nematodes, etc.

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30
Q

Myxomatosis is transmitted via two vectors, what are they?

A

Mosquitoes, and fleas

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31
Q

Where would you find mosquito larvae and pupae?

A

Near the surface of warm, shallow, stagnant water

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32
Q

List some ways to control mosquitoes

A
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33
Q

Identify this fly by both of its names (common, scientific)

A

Tabanus fly, or the HORSE fly

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34
Q

Identify this fly by its common and scientific name?

A

This is the Deer Fly or Chrysops fly

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35
Q

What is a general characteristic of horse flies (tabanus)?

A

They are larger and darker than a deer fly, and they have clear-brown wings

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36
Q

Name some general morpholical characteristics of a Stable fly (stomoxys spp.)?

A

They have foward projecting probescis, short/broad abdomen, 3 dark spots on the 2nd and 3rd abdominal segment

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37
Q

A Tabanid fly consists of which flies?

A

Tabanus (Horse Fly)

Chrysops (Deer Fly)

Haematopota

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38
Q

What are some general morphological characteristics of the haematobia aka the horn fly?

A

They are small, grey with several dark stripes on the thorax, long palps

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39
Q

Where would you find haematobia flies? What is their common name?

A

They suck blood on CATTLE

Horn fly

40
Q

If you were to guess, what type of flies are these?

Hint: this is a cow

A

Horn fly

Haematobia spp.

41
Q

Where do female haematobia flies lay their eggs?

A

In FRESH Feces

42
Q

What is a good way to combate horn flies?

and why is it a good way to fight them?

A

also known as haematobia spp.

Combat them with fly tags, because these genera of flies are found 95% on the host

43
Q

Haematobia transmits which filarial worm?

A

Stephanofilaria

44
Q

Which active ingredient is great against Haematobia?

A

IVERMECTIN products

45
Q

Glossina transmit what important diease, and what is the common name for this fly?

A

African Sleeping Sickness (trypanososmiasis)

Also known as the Tsetse Fly

46
Q

Identify this fly by both its names

A

Sheep Ked, Melophagus ovinus

47
Q

Name three unique characteristics of a sheep ked

A
  1. They live entirely on the host
  2. They are viviparous (females don’t lay eggs, they carry their young inside them)
  3. Both Genders Suck blood
  4. They are a WING-LESS fly
48
Q

Name the parasites which are commonly transmitted by Stomoxys spp.? What is this flies common name?

A

This fly transmits a stomach worm to horses called Habronema (summer sores)

Also, Known as a STABLE fly

49
Q

Identify these flies from left to right

A

Left: Musca

Middle: Stable Fly (stomoxy)

Right: Haematobia (horn fly)

50
Q

Haematobia commonly transmits what parasite?

A

Stephanofilaria stilesi in cattle

Note: remember this is the little horn fly that likes to spend its life on a cow :)

51
Q

Which parasite is commonly transmitted by Aedes?

Hint: there is more than one

A

Heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitus)

Plasmodium parasites

Malaria, WEE, VEE, EEE

Wuchererias brugia

52
Q

Besides acting as vectors how else can these pathogenic parasites cause diease or damage their host?

A

Anemia (blood loss)

Hypersensitivity reaction (summer sores, sweet itch)

Myiasis (larva infestation)

Cause damage by just biting tissue

53
Q

If looking for Melophagus eggs, where would you look?

A

This is a trick question because melophagus flies don’t lay eggs.

They are viviparous, therefore they lay larva which you can find in the wool of sheep :)

54
Q

If looking for tabanus eggs, where would you look?

A

Horse flies lay their eggs on the vegetation around swamps, ponds, and watering tanks

55
Q

If looking for Haematobia eggs, where would you look?

A

Horn flies like to lay their eggs in FRESH feces aka cowpies :)

56
Q

If looking for Stomoxy eggs, where would you look?

A

The stable lfy lays eggs in moist, deaying vegetable matter (farm buildings, hay, etc)

57
Q

If looking for Calliphora eggs, where would you look? What type of flies are these?

A

These are non-biting lfies, and you would want to look in wounds, soiled fleece and on dead animals (likes dead tissue)

Note: This is the blue bottle fly, which is a BLOWFLY

REMEMBER: BLOWflies like to be in dead, or decomposing organic matter

58
Q

What are distinguishing morphological characteristics of a blow fly have?

A

Caliphoridae is the family

They have sponging mouthparts and distinct dorsal bristles on the throax, as well as a distinct metallic coloring

59
Q

Cochliomyia like to lay their eggs where? What type of fly are these?

A

Non-biting flies also known as Screw Worm flies and they lay their eggs on the edges of frewsh wounds

60
Q

What type of mouth parts do srewworm larvae have?

A

They have sharp, pointed oral hoooks that tear flesh and enlarge the infested wound

(castration wounds, sheering and dehorning, wire cuts, puncture wonds, umblical cord of young animals and as well as tick and fly bites.

61
Q

What fly remains on the host after feeding 95% of the time?

A

Haematobia spp. AKA the HORN fly

(They really like Cows because they have horns)

62
Q

HOw can you distinguish the larvae of cochliomyia hominovorax from other calliphorid larvae?

A

Cochliomyia hominovorax also known as the screwworm fly larva have sharp oral hooks while calliphorid flies also known as blowflies have sponging mouthparts

63
Q

We learned about two flies that are viviparous what were they?

A

melophagus ovinus (sheep ked)

Glossina spp. (tsetse fly)

64
Q

Musca domestica also known as the common house fly prefers to lay their eggs where?

A

In fresh horse or cow manure

65
Q

Cochliomya hominovorax is also know as?

A

Screwworm fly

Non-biting fly

66
Q

Calliphorid larvae are found where?

A

in wounds, soiled fleece, and dead animals

67
Q

Oestrus ovis is also known as what?

A

Nasal Bot flies

68
Q

Gasterophilus is also known as what and what species would you find them in and where in that species would they be?

A

It is known as a bot fly,

bot fly eggs are layed on horse hair (usually around their feet/legs) horses lick them and swallow the eggs where in the stomach on the non glandular side the larvae will reside near the margo plicatus.

69
Q

Hypoderma is also known as what, and where would you see the eggs of these?

A

Also known as the heel or warble fly, and they prefer to attach their eggs to hairs aorund the hocks and on the lower parts of the body of cattle

70
Q

Which fly’s larva set up shop after they migrate to the back of the animal? Which species is this a problem in?

A

Hypoderma (warble flies)

This is a problem in cattle.

71
Q

What is the life cycle of a warble fly? (hypoderma)

A

egg–>larva (grub or maggot) where they migrate to the tissue on a the back of a cow–> then they moult ot L3 and after 5-11 weeks the mature larvae emerge through the skin and drop to the gound–>The grubs will be gone fomr the back by april or may and the mature larvae pupate in the soil–>the adults emerge in 1-3 months.

72
Q

What economic issue to warble flies present?

A

They can result in production loss as they can cause the cows to become extremely restless, resulting in decreased meat and milk production. They can cause a herd to panic and injure themselves on barbed wire or other obstacles. The biggest economic loss has been attributed to these parasites as a result of down grading and the condemnation f hides that have been perforated by the larvae. there is also a loss of meat caused by the extra trimming of carcasses that have been damaged by larval migration.

Larvae that die in the tissues can also release a higly toxic proteolysin which can result in paraplegia if larvae are near the spinal canal, or impaired regurgitation and bloat if larvae are around he esophagus.

73
Q

Which fly transmits leishmania in dogs?

A

The Sand Fly or Phlebotomus fly

74
Q

What is it called when you have a large group of ectoparasites present on an animal?

A

its called an INFESTION, not an infection, because they are external parasites, not internal

75
Q

What is the common name for the fannia sclarais fly?

A

The latrine fly

76
Q

The mouthparts of the musca spp. are for what action?

A

Sponging on a variety of animal secretions and organic material

77
Q

Which fly has one of the shortest life cycles and what is important for the life cycle?

A

The common house fly or Musca spp. Its about 1-2 weeks and is temperature dependent

78
Q

Which feces does the common house fly prefer?

A

Horse–>pig–>chicken–>cow–>human–>garbage

79
Q

What diseases are are transmitted by adult house flies?

A

They mechanically transmit viruses, bacteria, helminths and protozoa either by carrying the organism on the hairs of their feet and body or by regurgitating them in their saliva during feeding.

They may act as intermediate hosts for helminths such as Raillietina spp. and HABRONEMA spp. (Summer sores in horses)

They also cause fly worry most commonly, and can be a mechanical vector for moraxella bovis which is the causing infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or “pink eye” of cattle.

They are also intermediate hosts of parafilaria bovicola and the eye worm (thelazia californiensis)

80
Q

True or False: The common house fly can transmit coccidia

A

True, it most definitely can along with a variety of other virues, bacteria, and helminths.

81
Q

What are some ways to reduce the fly population or protect our animals?

A

Fly sprays, fly masks, clean up manure, fly tags, insectacides, fly wasps, etc

82
Q

What is the key to fly prevention?

A

SANITATION

83
Q

What is the vector for this worm?

A

The common House fly

Musca Domestica

84
Q

What fly causes myasis in Cattle?

A

Hypoderma also known as “heel or Warble” flies

85
Q

What fly causes myasis in sheep?

A

Blowflies (calliphoridae) or Oestrus ovis (sheep nose bots, nasal bots)

86
Q

What fly causes myasis in horses?

A

Gastrophilus, BOT fly

87
Q

Which fly causes myasis in cats and dogs?

A

Mostly Cuterebra (Rodent bot fly)

88
Q

True or False: Obligate myiasis causing fly don’t require a specific host

A

FALSE: Obligate means that they do require a specific host in order to survive. An example ofthese would be screw worm larva

89
Q

What is the best way to reduce fly populations specifically the Musca spp.?

A

Spread the feces, or clean it up so that they won’t lay their eggs in it

90
Q

What is considered the first flies to arrive at a carcass?

A

Blowflies!

91
Q

Which non-biting fly creates wounds in an animal?

A

Screw worms! Their Larva that is

92
Q

Which phases of the blowflies is parasitic?

A

Sheep phase: larval phase!

Adults are not parasitic, or pupae (live in soil)

93
Q

Describe the life cycle of Oestrus Ovis? What is the common name for this fly?

A

Sheep nose bots, Nasal bots

The adults have no functional mouthparts and live only 1 day to 2 weeks. Female flies fairly host specific and deposit their larvae (up to 500) around he nasal openings of sheep. female fly squirts a jet of liquied, containing up to 25 larvae at the nostrils during flight. After deposition the small larvae migrate through the nasal passages towards the frontal sinuses, they feed on mucus secreations stimulated by their presence in the nasal passages and molt to L2 before reaching the sinuses. After motling to 3rd stage larvae they matrue rapidly in the frontal sinuses before returning to the nasal passages. In cool or cold weather the L1 and L2 become dormant and they overwinter in nasal passages, only moving o sinuses in the spring. third stage larvae leave the sinuses fall to the ground and pupate. pupal stage lasts about 15-60 days or may be maintained over the winter

94
Q

What is a unique morphologic characteristic of adult hypoderma spp flies?

A

They are black and hairy with a yellow striped thorax, resembling a bee, except that they have only one pair of wings.

95
Q

Describe the life cycle of Hypoderma spp. and what is their common name?

A

Warble or heel Flies

Flies are only active in warm weather. They do not have functional mouthparts; therefore they live for only about 1 week, during which time they mate and lay up to 500 eggs, preferably on cattle. Female flies attach their eggs to hairs around the hocks ad on the lower parts of the body.

In april in CA, these flies lay eggs in April. Small first stage larvae hatch within a few days, burrow into the skin and begin their migration towards their winter “resting sites”; H. Lineatum to the submucosa of the esophagus and H. bovis to the epidural fat in the spinal canal. After a period of several months, the larvae (L2) migrate to the subQ tissue of the back where they moult to L3 which can be palpated as distinct swellings (“warbles”). After 5-11 weeks the mature larvae emerge through the skin and drop to the ground. Warbles of H. Lineatum begin to appear in mid-Nov. reaching a peak in Jan. to Feb. Hypoderma bovis occurs approx. 1 to 1 1/2 months later. The grubs will be gone from the back by april or may. The mature larvae pupate in the soil and the adults emerge in 1-3 months.

96
Q
A

Parasitology (5 decks)

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