parasitology

Question 1

what are the fasciola hepatica main points?

Answer 1

DH: sheep or human 
1st IH: snail 
2nd IH: aquatic plants 
MOI: ingestion of metacercariae
infective form: metacercariae

Question 2

man is an accidental host in echinococcus granulosus how can he become infected from the dogs?

Answer 2

1- intimate handling of an infected dog
2- eating raw vegetables
3- eating contaminated food with dogs feces

Question 3

imp points in echinococcus granulosus

Answer 3

DH: dogs
IH: sheep and accidentally man

Question 4

numerate the properties of endocyst in echinococcus granulosus

Answer 4

1- cellular
2- vital layer
3- germinal layer: asexual, broad capsules, and scolices
4- secrete hydatid fluid

Question 5

when can we say Acaphlocyst?

Answer 5

1- not producing brood capsules

2- brood capsule not producing scolices

Question 6

what is the fate of the hydatid cyst?

Answer 6

1- calcified
2- evacuated following inflammatory reaction
3- rupture and producing disseminated hydatid lesions

Question 7

what is the type of antigen that could be found in hydatid cysts?

Answer 7

KDA8 and KDA16

Question 8

what are the sites that wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis granules are absent?

Answer 8

1- cephalic 
2- ant. v spot
3- post.V spot 
4- nerve ring
5- tail tip

Question 9

imp points of wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis?

Answer 9

DH: man
IH: female Culex mosquito
IF: 3rd stage filarial form larvae
mode of transmission: a bite of the mosquito

Question 10

MF. malayi imp points?

Answer 10

DH: man
IH: mansonia
IF: 3rd stage filarial form larvae
mode of transmission: a bite of the mosquito

Question 11

write 5 differences between MF. malayi and MF.bancrofti

Answer 11

MF.bancrofti . MF. malayi
longer shorter
tail tip pointed tail tip rounded
tail tip free of nuclei tail tip has 2 nuclei
curved . kinky
poorly satined sheath . well stained

Question 12

imp points of loa loa

Answer 12

DH: man
IH: chrysops

Question 13

imp points of O.volvulus

Answer 13

DH: man
IH: Simulium

Question 14

how can the vector in visceral leishmaniasis donovani? and what is the mechanism?

Answer 14

by bite (blood transfusion, mother to baby)
when they want to suck the blood they can't because the plug in lodged so they dislodge it and become deposited in the wound

Question 15

visceral leishmaniasis donovani imp points?

Answer 15

DH: man dog
Vector: female sandfly Phlebotomus species
IF: promastigote

Question 16

what are the types of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

Answer 16

1- erythematous patches (butterfly)
2- depigmented macules on trunk and extremities
3- nodular lesion (both and it is painless yellow pink non-ulcerating granulomatous lesion)

Question 17

which of the following cutaneous leishmaniasis affects immunocompromised people?

Answer 17

diffuse (non-ulcerative) type , by aethiopica

Question 18

what are the clinical feature of L.mexicana in new world cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 18

chiclero ulcer, characterized by ulceration of pinna

also called self-healing sore of Mexico

Question 19

what are the clinical feature of L.brazilensis in new world cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 19

espundia: characterized by nodules inside the nose => perforation of nasal septum => destruction of nose and lips
it affects nose, mouth, and larynx

Question 20

the vector in new world cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 20

lutzomyia

Question 21

imp points of Trypanosoma cruzi?

Answer 21

DH: human
IH: kissing bug (reduviid)
reservoir: animals
infective form: metacyclic trypomastigote found in feeses of the bug
mode of transmission: blood transfusion and organ transplantation

Question 22

what is the disease produced by fusobacteriae necrophorum?

Answer 22

lemierre’s disease

Question 23

what are the characteristics of lemierre’s disease?

Answer 23

1- sour throuat
2- jagular vein inflammation
3- acute jaguar vein septic thrombophlebitis
4- sepsis and metastatic abscesses of lung and liver

Question 24

what is the pathogenesis of aspergillus fugimatous?

Answer 24

it invades the injured skin, wounds, burns, cornea external ear, and paranasal sinuses
1- in immunocompramised invade the lugs cause hemoptysis and granuloma
2- grows in lung cavities as after Tb => aspergilloma
3- allergic brochopolmunary aspergillosis